日期:2009-06-04  浏览次数:20493 次

Java Q&A: 使用Factory Method模式

Q: 阅读 "Polymorphism in its purest form" 一文时,我看到了一个不熟悉的术语 "Factory method"。你能解释一下什么是Factory method并说明如何使用它吗?


A: Factory method(工厂方法)只不过是实例化对象的一种方法的名称。就象工厂一样,Factory method的任务是创建--或制造--对象。

让我们看一个例子。

每个程序要有一种报错的方式。看看下面的接口:

代码清单1
public interface Trace {

      // turn on and off debugging
      public void setDebug( boolean debug );

      // write out a debug message
      public void debug( String message );

      // write out an error message
      public void error( String message );

}

假设写了两个实现。一个实现(代码清单3)将信息写到命令行,另一个(代码清单2)则写到文件中。

代码清单2
public class FileTrace implements Trace {
          
      private java.io.PrintWriter pw;
      private boolean debug;

      public FileTrace() throws java.io.IOException {
            // a real FileTrace would need to obtain the filename somewhere
            // for the example I'll hardcode it
            pw = new java.io.PrintWriter( new java.io.FileWriter( "c:\trace.log" ) );
      }

      public void setDebug( boolean debug ) {
            this.debug = debug;
      }

      public void debug( String message ) {
            if( debug ) {  // only print if debug is true
                  pw.println( "DEBUG: " + message );
                  pw.flush();
            }
      }
      public void error( String message ) {
            // always print out errors
            pw.println( "ERROR: " + message );
            pw.flush();
      }

}

代码清单3
public class SystemTrace implements Trace {

      private boolean debug;

      public void setDebug( boolean debug ) {
            this.debug = debug;
      }

      public void debug( String message ) {
            if( debug ) {  // only print if debug is true
                  System.out.println( "DEBUG: " + message );
            }
 &nb