日期:2014-05-20  浏览次数:20965 次

entity-framework (code-first)实例开发(一)

The Contoso University Web Application

The application you'll be building in these tutorials is a simple university website.

Contoso_University_home_page

Users can view and update student, course, and instructor information. A few of the screens you'll create are shown below.

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本文中我们介绍codefirst开发模式

首先创建一个MVC应用:

创建完成以后,系统会自动创建一个模板页:

<!DOCTYPE html>?
<html>?
<head>?
? ?
<title>@ViewBag.Title</title>?
? ?
<link href="@Url.Content("~/Content/Site.css")" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />?
? ?
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/jquery-1.5.1.min.js")" type="text/javascript"></script>?
</head>?
<body>?
? ?
<div class="page">?
? ? ? ?
<div id="header">?
? ? ? ? ? ?
<div id="title">?<h1>Contoso University</h1>?
? ? ? ? ? ?
</div>?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
<div id="logindisplay">?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? @Html.Partial("_LogOnPartial")?
? ? ? ? ? ?
</div>?
? ? ? ? ? ?
<div id="menucontainer">?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
<ul id="menu">?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")</li>?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
<li>@Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")</li>?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Students", "Index", "Student")</li>?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Courses", "Index", "Course")</li>?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Instructors", "Index", "Instructor")</li>?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Departments", "Index", "Department")</li>?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
</ul>?
? ? ? ? ? ?
</div>?
? ? ? ?
</div>?
? ? ? ?
<div id="main">?
? ? ? ? ? ? @RenderBody()?
? ? ? ?
</div>?
? ? ? ?
<div id="footer">?
? ? ? ?
</div>?
? ?
</div>?
</body>?
</html>

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

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创建数据MODEL:

using System;?
using System.Collections.Generic;?
?
namespace ContosoUniversity.Models?
{?
? ?
public class Student?
? ?
{?
? ? ? ?
public int StudentID { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public string LastName { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public string FirstMidName { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }?
? ?
}?
}

using System;?
using System.Collections.Generic;?
?
namespace ContosoUniversity.Models?
{?
? ?
public class Enrollment?
? ?
{?
? ? ? ?
public int EnrollmentID { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public int CourseID { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public int StudentID { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public decimal? Grade { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public virtual Course Course { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public virtual Student Student { get; set; }?
? ?
}?
}

using System;?
using System.Collections.Generic;?
?
namespace ContosoUniversity.Models?
{?
? ?
public class Course?
? ?
{?
? ? ? ?
public int CourseID { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public string Title { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public int Credits { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }?
? ?
}?
}

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他们的关系是,一个学生可以有多个登记:

public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }?
一门课程也有多个登记:

public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }?
而一个登记对应一门课程和一个学生。

建立完这三个实体类以后,就要创建数据库的CONTEXT:

在entityframe work中我们使用的是System.Data.Entity.DbContext class,在你的代码中要包含这个数据实体。代码如下:

using System;?
using System.Collections.Generic;?
using System.Data.Entity;?
using ContosoUniversity.Models;?
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions;?
?
namespace ContosoUniversity.Models?
{?
? ?
public class SchoolContext : DbContext?
? ?
{?
? ? ? ?
public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public DbSet<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }?
? ? ? ?
public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }?
?
? ? ? ?
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)?
? ? ? ?
{?
? ? ? ? ? ? modelBuilder
.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();?
? ? ? ?
}?
? ?
}?
}

代码中为每个实体都创建了一个DbSet的属性,在entity framework中,一个entityset 关联了一个数据库表,一个entity关系了一张表的一行数据。

OnModelCreating方法,表示当模型创建以后我们要做的动作,

在代码中表示组织数据库自动创建的表名为复数。如果你不这么做,那么产生的数据库表名为:

Students,Course,Enrollments.

然后在你的工程文件的web.config中配置数据库连接字段:

<add name="SchoolContext" connectionString="Data Source=|DataDirectory|School.sdf" providerName="System.Data.SqlServerCe.4.0"/>

你不一定要创建连接字符串,如果你不创建,entityframework会自动在sqlserver express数据库中帮你创建。

注意我们配置的web.config 是工程目录下的。而不是在views目录下的。

在连接字符创中的name值,系统默认会去寻找和object context class名字相同的字符串。

初始化数据:

entity frame work能够自动创建数据库并初始化一些测试数据在你的应用中。

using System;?
using System.Collections.Generic;?
using System.Linq;?
using System.Web;?
using System.Data.Entity;?
using ContosoUniversity.Models;?
?
namespace ContosoUniversity.DAL?
{?
? ?
public class SchoolInitializer : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<SchoolContext>?
? ?
{?
? ? ? ?
protected override void Seed(SchoolContext context)?
? ? ? ?
{?
? ? ? ? ? ?
var students = new List<Student>?
? ? ? ? ? ?
{?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Student { FirstMidName = "Carson", ? LastName = "Alexander", EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01") },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Student { FirstMidName = "Meredith", LastName = "Alonso", ? ?EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2002-09-01") },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Student { FirstMidName = "Arturo", ? LastName = "Anand", ? ? EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2003-09-01") },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Student { FirstMidName = "Gytis", ? ?LastName = "Barzdukas", EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2002-09-01") },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Student { FirstMidName = "Yan", ? ? ?LastName = "Li", ? ? ? ?EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2002-09-01") },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Student { FirstMidName = "Peggy", ? ?LastName = "Justice", ? EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2001-09-01") },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Student { FirstMidName = "Laura", ? ?LastName = "Norman", ? ?EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2003-09-01") },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Student { FirstMidName = "Nino", ? ? LastName = "Olivetto", ?EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01") }?
? ? ? ? ? ?
};?
? ? ? ? ? ? students
.ForEach(s => context.Students.Add(s));?
? ? ? ? ? ? context
.SaveChanges();?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
var courses = new List<Course>?
? ? ? ? ? ?
{?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Course { Title = "Chemistry", ? ? ?Credits = 3, },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Course { Title = "Microeconomics", Credits = 3, },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Course { Title = "Macroeconomics", Credits = 3, },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Course { Title = "Calculus", ? ? ? Credits = 4, },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Course { Title = "Trigonometry", ? Credits = 4, },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Course { Title = "Composition", ? ?Credits = 3, },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Course { Title = "Literature", ? ? Credits = 4, }?
? ? ? ? ? ?
};?
? ? ? ? ? ? courses
.ForEach(s => context.Courses.Add(s));?
? ? ? ? ? ? context
.SaveChanges();?
?
? ? ? ? ? ?
var enrollments = new List<Enrollment>?
? ? ? ? ? ?
{?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 1, CourseID = 1, Grade = 1 },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 1, CourseID = 2, Grade = 3 },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 1, CourseID = 3, Grade = 1 },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 2, CourseID = 4, Grade = 2 },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 2, CourseID = 5, Grade = 4 },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 2, CourseID = 6, Grade = 4 },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 3, CourseID = 1 ? ? ? ? ? ?},?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 4, CourseID = 1, ? ? ? ? ? },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 4, CourseID = 2, Grade = 4 },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 5, CourseID = 3, Grade = 3 },?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 6, CourseID = 4 ? ? ? ? ? ?},?
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
new Enrollment { StudentID = 7, CourseID = 5, Grade = 2 },?
? ? ? ? ? ?
};?
? ? ? ? ? ? enrollments
.ForEach(s => context.Enrollments.Add(s));?
? ? ? ? ? ? context
.SaveChanges();?
? ? ? ?
}?
? ?
}?
}

seed方法中,代码在这个方法中用OBJECT创建一个新的实体到数据库中,对于每一个实体类型,代码都创建一个集合,添加他们到DBSET属性中。然后保存转变到数据库中。

然后在global.asax.cs中添加如下代码:

在application_start方法中添加:

Database.SetInitializer<SchoolContext>(new SchoolInitializer());

笔记,当你实际开发部署应用的时候,要将这段代码去掉。切记。因为一旦系统欲行了该段代码,系统每次检测到模型层变化。都会重新创建数据库,然后初始化原始的测试数据。