日期:2014-05-20 浏览次数:20783 次
在GCF中提供了DatagramConnection和Datagram两个接口,借助他们我们可以在J2ME中基于UDP协议开发联网应用程序。在MIDP2.0中,添加了UDPDatagramConnection这个接口,他扩展了DatagramConnection并添加了两个方法getLocalAddress()和getLocalPort()。我们知道UDP服务是不可靠的,如果你希望开发更可靠的联网应用的话可以采用SocketConnection,因为TCP服务是面向连接且可靠的。我们还必须清楚地一点是以上所说的各种连接方式都不是MIDP规范中规定必须实现的。因此在使用之前请参考特定设备的开发文档。MIDP中只有Http连接是必须支持的。
同样,我们要获得DatagramConnection的话,必须通过Connector的open方法,其中的URL应该满足如下的形式。
datagram://localhost:5555 这样的话表示建立了一个客户端模式的连接。在指定ip:localhost和指定端口:5555
datagram://:5555 这样建立的是一个服务器端模式的连接,在本地的5555端口。
建立连接后,我们可以通过DatagramConnection的newDatagram()方法构造一个Datagram,然后调用DatagramConnection的send()方法。这样数据报将会发送到指定的接受方。例如你可以构建这个一个负责发送数据的Sender类。
import javax.microedition.io.Datagram; import javax.microedition.io.DatagramConnection; public class Sender extends Thread { private DatagramConnection dc; private String address; private String message; public Sender(DatagramConnection dc) { this.dc = dc; start(); } public synchronized void send(String addr, String msg) { address = addr; message = msg; notify(); } public synchronized void run() { while (true) { // If no client to deal, wait until one connects if (message == null) { try { wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } try { byte[] bytes = message.getBytes(); Datagram dg = null; // Are we a sender thread for the client ? If so then there's // no address parameter if (address == null) { dg = dc.newDatagram(bytes, bytes.length); } else { dg = dc.newDatagram(bytes, bytes.length, address); System.out.println(address); } dc.send(dg); } catch (Exception ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); } // Completed client handling, return handler to pool and // mark for wait message = null; } } }
?
???? 注意联网的时候我们应该在另外一个线程中而不是在主线程中。
?
服务器端的目的就是启动后监听指定的端口,当客户端连接过来后接受数据并记录下客户端的地址,以便服务器端向客户端发送数据。?
?
import java.io.IOException; import javax.microedition.io.Connector; import javax.microedition.io.Datagram; import javax.microedition.io.DatagramConnection; import javax.microedition.io.UDPDatagramConnection; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Alert; import javax.microedition.lcdui.AlertType; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command; import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form; import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem; import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField; public class Server implements Runnable, CommandListener { private DatagramMIDlet parent; private Display display; private Form f; private StringItem si; private TextField tf; private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1); Sender sender; private String address; public Server(DatagramMIDlet m) { parent = m; display = Display.getDisplay(parent); f = new Form("Datagram Server"); si = new StringItem("Status:", " "); tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY); f.append(si); f.append(tf); f.addCommand(sendCommand); f.setCommandListener(this); display.setCurrent(f); } public void start() { Thread t = new Thread(this); t.start(); } public void run() { try { si.setText("Waiting for connection"); DatagramConnection dc =(DatagramConnection)Connector.open("datagram://:5555"); sender = new Sender(dc); while (true) { Datagram dg = dc.newDatagram(100); dc.receive(dg); address = dg.getAddress(); si.setText("Message received - " + new String(dg.getData(), 0, dg.getLength())); } } catch (IOException ioe) { Alert a = new Alert("Server", "Port 5000 is already taken.", null, AlertType.ERROR); a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER); a.setCommandListener(this); display.setCurrent(a); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) { if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused()) { if (address == null) { si.setText("No destination address"); } else { sender.send(address, tf.getString()); } } if (c == Alert.DISMISS_COMMAND) { parent.destroyApp(true); parent.notifyDestroyed(); } } public void stop() { } }
?
客户端代码则是建立连接后向服务器端发送数据,并等待接受服务器返回的数据。
import java.io.IOException; import javax.microedition.io.ConnectionNotFoundException; import javax.microedition.io.Connector; import javax.microedition.io.Datagram; import javax.microedition.io.DatagramConnection; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Alert; import javax.microedition.lcdui.AlertType; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command; import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form; import javax.microedition.lcdui.StringItem; import javax.microedition.lcdui.TextField; public class Client implements Runnable, CommandListener { private DatagramMIDlet parent; private Display display; private Form f; private StringItem si; private TextField tf; private Command sendCommand = new Command("Send", Command.ITEM, 1); Sender sender; public Client(DatagramMIDlet m) { parent = m; display = Display.getDisplay(parent); f = new Form("Datagram Client"); si = new StringItem("Status:", " "); tf = new TextField("Send:", "", 30, TextField.ANY); f.append(si); f.append(tf); f.addCommand(sendCommand); f.setCommandListener(this); display.setCurrent(f); } public void start() { Thread t = new Thread(this); t.start(); } public void run() { try { DatagramConnection dc = (DatagramConnection) Connector .open("datagram://localhost:5555"); si.setText("Connected to server"); sender = new Sender(dc); while (true) { Datagram dg = dc.newDatagram(100); dc.receive(dg); // Have we actually received something or is this just a timeout // ? if (dg.getLength() > 0) { si.setText("Message received - " + new String(dg.getData(), 0, dg.getLength())); } } } catch (ConnectionNotFoundException cnfe) { Alert a = new Alert("Client", "Please run Server MIDlet first", null, AlertType.ERROR); a.setTimeout(Alert.FOREVER); display.setCurrent(a); } catch (IOException ioe) { ioe.printStackTrace(); } } public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) { if (c == sendCommand && !parent.isPaused()) { sender.send(null, tf.getString()); } } public void stop() { } }
?
本文的代码取自WTK demo中的例子,您可以参考demo中的源代码!下面给出MIDlet的代码
import javax.microedition.lcdui.Choice; import javax.microedition.lcdui.ChoiceGroup; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Command; import javax.microedition.lcdui.CommandListener; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Display; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Displayable; import javax.microedition.lcdui.Form; import javax.microedition.midlet.MIDlet; public class DatagramMIDlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener { private static final String SERVER = "Server"; private static final String CLIENT = "Client"; private static final String[] names = { SERVER, CLIENT }; private static Display display; private Form f; ChoiceGroup cg; private boolean isPaused; private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 1); private Command startCommand = new Command("Start", Command.ITEM, 1); public DatagramMIDlet() { display = Display.getDisplay(this); f = new Form("Datagram Demo"); cg = new ChoiceGroup("Please select peer", Choice.EXCLUSIVE, names, null); f.append(cg); f.addCommand(exitCommand); f.addCommand(startCommand); f.setCommandListener(this); display.setCurrent(f); } public static Display getDisplay() { return display; } public boolean isPaused() { return isPaused; } public void startApp() { isPaused = false; } public void pauseApp() { isPaused = true; } public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) { } public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s) { if (c == exitCommand) { destroyApp(true); notifyDestroyed(); } else if (c == startCommand) { String name = cg.getString(cg.getSelectedIndex()); if (name.equals(SERVER)) { Server server = new Server(this); server.start(); } else { Client client = new Client(this); client.start(); } } } }
?