JavaScript类和继承:constructor属性
constructor属性始终指向创建当前对象的构造函数。比如下面例子:
- // 等价于 var foo = new Array(1, 56, 34, 12);?
- var arr = [1, 56, 34, 12];?
- console.log(arr.constructor === Array); // true?
- // 等价于 var foo = new Function();?
- var Foo = function() { };?
- console.log(Foo.constructor === Function); // true?
- // 由构造函数实例化一个obj对象?
- var obj = new Foo();?
- console.log(obj.constructor === Foo); // true?
- // 将上面两段代码合起来,就得到下面的结论?
- console.log(obj.constructor.constructor === Function); //
true
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但是当constructor遇到prototype时,有趣的事情就发生了。
我们知道每个函数都有一个默认的属性prototype,而这个prototype的constructor默认指向这个函数。如下例所示:
- function Person(name) {?
- ? this.name = name;??
- };?
- Person.prototype.getName = function() {?
- ? return this.name;??
- };?
- var p = new Person("ZhangSan");?
- console.log(p.constructor === Person);?// true??
- console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true?
- // 将上两行代码合并就得到如下结果?
- console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); //
true
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当时当我们重新定义函数的prototype时(注意:和上例的区别,这里不是修改而是覆盖),constructor属性的行为就有点奇怪了,如下示例:
- function Person(name) {?
- ? this.name = name;??
- };?
- Person.prototype = {?
- ? getName: function() {??
- ?? ???return this.name;??
- ? }??
- };?
- var p = new Person("ZhangSan");?
- console.log(p.constructor === Person);?// false??
- console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // false?
- console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); //
false
为什么呢?
原来是因为覆盖Person.prototype时,等价于进行如下代码操作:
- Person.prototype = new Object({?
- ? getName: function() {??
- ?? ???return this.name;??
- ? }??
- });
而constructor属性始终指向创建自身的构造函数,所以此时Person.prototype.constructor
=== Object,即是:
- function Person(name) {?
- ? this.name = name;??
- };?
- Person.prototype = {?
- ? getName: function() {??
- ?? ???return this.name;??
- ? }??
- };?
- var p = new Person("ZhangSan");?
- console.log(p.constructor === Object);?// true??
- console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Object); // true?
- console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Object); //
true
怎么修正这种问题
呢?方法也很简单,重新覆盖Person.prototype.constructor即可:
- function Person(name) {?
- ? this.name = name;??
- };?
- Person.prototype = new Object({?
- ? getName: function() {??
- ?? ???return this.name;??
- ? }??
- });?
- Person.prototype.constructor = Person;?
- var p = new Person("ZhangSan");?
- console.log(p.constructor === Person);?// true??
- console.log(Person.prototype.constructor === Person); // true?
- console.log(p.constructor.prototype.constructor === Person); //
true
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