日期:2014-05-16 浏览次数:20429 次
注:教程请参见这里(本文有很多内容都是从这里翻译的),官方网站在这里;综合例子参见这里。
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Backbone.js是一个前端MVC框架,model能够绑定键值对和自定义事件,集合具备可枚举方法的富API,视图具备事件处理能力,并且可以通过RESTful的JSON接口和你已有的API通信。
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View
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Backbone里的视图就是用来反映数据模型的,可以监听事件并响应,通过利用Underscore.js(这个真是一个牛逼哄哄的东西,自己看),还支持了JavaScript模板技术,把数据和模板分离开。
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“el”熟悉就是浏览器创建的一个DOM对象的引用,是供backbone渲染的画布,每一个view都会有这样一个属性,如果不存在,backbone就会自己定义一个空的div来作为el,现在把"el"属性定义到div#search_container,看:
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<div id="search_container"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> SearchView = Backbone.View.extend({ initialize: function(){ this.render(); }, render: function(){ //Pass variables in using Underscore.js Template var variables = { search_label: "My Search" }; // Compile the template using underscore var template = _.template( $("#search_template").html(), variables ); // Load the compiled HTML into the Backbone "el" this.el.html( template ); }, events: { "click input[type=button]": "doSearch" }, doSearch: function( event ){ // Button clicked, you can access the element that was clicked with event.currentTarget alert( "Search for " + $("#search_input").val() ); } }); var search_view = new SearchView({ el: $("#search_container") }); </script> <script type="text/template" id="search_template"> <!-- Access template variables with <%= %> --> <label><%= search_label %></label> <input type="text" id="search_input" /> <input type="button" id="search_button" value="Search" /> </script>
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上面的代码说明一下:
Model
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Model是JavaScript应用的核心,在这里它包括了包含大量逻辑的数据交互、转换、校验,属性的计算和访问控制:
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Person = Backbone.Model.extend({ defaults: { name: 'Fetus', age: 0, children: [] }, initialize: function(){ alert("Welcome to this world"); }, adopt: function( newChildsName ){ var children_array = this.get("children"); children_array.push( newChildsName ); this.set({ children: children_array }); } }); var person = new Person({ name: "Thomas", age: 67, children: ['Ryan']}); person.adopt('John Resig'); var children = person.get("children"); // ['Ryan', 'John Resig']
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简单说明一下:
再来看看事件绑定的写法(看下面的bind方法的调用)和属性校验的写法(validate方法):
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Person = Backbone.Model.extend({ // If you return a string from the validate function, // Backbone will throw an error validate: function( attributes ){ if( attributes.age < 0 && attributes.name != "Dr Manhatten" ){ return "You can't be negative years old"; } }, initialize: function(){ alert("Welcome to this world"); this.bind("error", function(model, error){ // We have received an error, log it, alert it or forget it :) alert( error ); }); } });
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