日期:2014-05-16 浏览次数:20837 次
1.mysql的安装配置
linux下有一个很神奇的东西叫yum,只要有源,用yum来安装是一件非常容易的事,什么都不用管,它会为你解决好一些软件依赖的问题。一键安装mysql:
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-server mysql-devel
安装完成后我们就可以使用mysql了:
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting mysqld: [ OK ] [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> create database db_test; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> grant all on *.* to "user"@"localhost" identified by "123"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
上面的操作都成功了,包括了登录到mysql,新建数据库和新建一个用户,其实在这个过程中我也遇到了几个问题,花了一些时间,这个后面会说到。先看看mysql的主要配置文件信息:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock user=mysql # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
datadir=/var/lib/mysql是mysql数据库的数据库文件存放位置,我刚才新建的数据库db_test也在这个目录下。log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log是数据库输出的日志,数据库日志也是在/var/log目录下。mysql默认的监听端口是3306。
2.mysql的用户管理
安装好mysql后,mysql会自动提供一个空密码的root用户,这个root不是linux的root,而空密码的root用户可以这样登录:mysql -u root没有后面的-p,-u是指用户,-p是指通过密码登录,然后就会提示输入密码。由于安全起见,刚开始应修改密码为一个非空密码,也可以避免以后操作的出错,因为我遇到了好几个问题都是和空密码有联系的。root修改密码:
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -u root -p password 123 Enter password:
将root的密码改为123,因为我是已经改过root密码的,所以这里要加上-p还得输入原来的密码。
当然除了root还可以有其他的用户,mysql中用户管理是通过一张表mysql.user,其实这也就是一张数据库表,也是可以通过sql语句来操作的,新建用户有两种方式:
mysql> select user, password from mysql.user; +------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | password | +------+-------------------------------------------+ | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | root | root | | root | root | | user | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 | +------+-------------------------------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all on *.* to "test"@"localhost" identified by "123"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into mysql.user(Host, User, Password) values("localhost", "sqluser", password("123"))ser", password("123")); Query OK, 1 row affected, 3 warnings (0.05 sec) mysql> select user, password from mysql.user; +---------+-------------------------------------------+ | user | password | +---------+-------------------------------------------+ | ro