#!/bin/bash
file="include/linux/videodev.sh"
echo ${file} | awk -F'/' '{for(i=1;i<NF;i++){printf $i"/"}}'

------解决方案--------------------

#! /bin/sh

file="include/linux/videodev.sh"

dirname $file

------解决方案--------------------
C/C++ code

#!/bin/sh
file="include/linux/videodev.sh" 
dir=$(echo $file | awk -F/ '{ORS="/";for(i=1;i<NF;i++) print $i}'
echo $dir