日期:2014-05-16 浏览次数:20750 次
一 预备知识
本篇代码要用到的Linux函数
1. fork--Linux创建进程的函数
2. fopen--打开文件的函数
3. fgets--读取文件内容的函数
4. fputs--写文件的函数
5 waitpid--等待子进程的函数
6. sleep--进程休眠的函数
7. pthread_mutex_t--线程互斥锁类型
8. pthread_mutex_init--线程互斥锁初始化
9. pthread_mutex_lock--加锁
10. pthread_mutex_unlock--解锁
11. getpid--获取当前进程的id
12. getppid--获取当前进程的父进程的id
二 问题描述
开启子进程去并发读文件内容,然后写入到另一个文件中,父进程不参与文件的读、写。
三 代码
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/types.h> /* * A instance to use mutex lock * */ const int MAXSIZE = 1024; int main() { FILE *srcfp, *destfp; int num = 0; // the number of lines from source file static int over; // whether the read process should be over char buffer[MAXSIZE]; pid_t pid; pthread_mutex_t mutex; if((srcfp = fopen("/host/study/C/Linux_Huche/read.c", "r")) == NULL) { perror("open source file error!\n"); exit(1); } if((destfp = fopen("/host/study/C/Linux_Huche/write.c", "w")) == NULL) { perror("open destination file error!\n"); exit(1); } pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL); while(1) { if(over) goto End; // to close the files pid = fork(); if(pid == 0) { puts("now in the child process!\n"); if(fgets(buffer, MAXSIZE, srcfp) == NULL) { over = 1; exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } sleep(1); /* * the critical section * */ pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); if(over) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); printf("the getpid() is: %d\n", getpid()); printf("the getppid() is: %d\n", getppid()); printf("num = %d\n", ++num); puts(buffer); fputs(buffer, destfp); pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); } else { sleep(1); /* * to wait for children processes to be over * */ if(waitpid(pid, NULL, 0) < 0) { perror("waitpid error!\n"); exit(2); } puts("child process is over, now in the parent process!\n"); printf("the getpid() is %d\n", getpid()); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } } /* * never not to forget to close the file which is still open * */ End:fclose(srcfp); fclose(destfp); return 0; }
1. 主循环是一个死循环,当over = 1时,退出循环;
2. 当创建子进程成功后,子进程首先检测源文件是否读完,如果读完,直接退出。否则,进入临界区向目标文件写数据。
3. 父进程等待子进程运行结束后执行。
4. 子进程中的sleep函数的使用是休眠自己,Linux内核则调度其它子进程执行。
5. 子进程属于并发执行。
6. 最后程序关闭文件后退出。
五 运行结果
六 运行结果分析
1. 子进程的getppid和父进程的getpid相同;
2. 进程的pid和ppid从小大依次出现,ppid比pid小1;
3. 打开write.c文件,结果如下:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/wait.h> /* * the instance of waitpid * */ void main() { pid_t childpid; int status; childpid = fork(); if(childpid < 0) { perror("fork error!\n"); exit(1); } else if(childpid == 0) { puts("in a child process!\n"); printf("the child pid is = %d\n", childpid); sleep(3); /* * the getppid() is the same with getpid() which occurs in parent code section * */ printf("getpid() is %d\n", getpid()); printf("getppid() is %d\n", getppid()); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } else { /* * @status: th