#!/bin/bash
# Shell script to backup MySql database 
# To backup Nysql databases file to /backup dir and later pick up by your 
# script. You can skip few databases from backup too.
# For more info please see (Installation info):
# http://www.cyberciti.biz/nixcraft/vivek/blogger/2005/01/mysql-backup-script.html 
# Last updated: Aug - 2005
# --------------------------------
# This is a free shell script under GNU GPL version 2.0 or above
# Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 nixCraft project
# Feedback/comment/suggestions : http://cyberciti.biz/fb/
# -------------------------------------
# This script is part of nixCraft shell script collection (NSSC)
# Visit http://bash.cyberciti.biz/ for more information.
# -------------------------------------
 
MyUSER="SET-MYSQL-USER-NAME"     # USERNAME
MyPASS="SET-PASSWORD"       # PASSWORD 
MyHOST="localhost"          # Hostname
 
# Linux bin paths, change this if it can not be autodetected via which command
MYSQL="$(which mysql)"
MYSQLDUMP="$(which mysqldump)"
CHOWN="$(which chown)"
CHMOD="$(which chmod)"
GZIP="$(which gzip)"
 
# Backup Dest directory, change this if you have someother location
DEST="/backup"
 
# Main directory where backup will be stored
MBD="$DEST/mysql"
 
# Get hostname
HOST="$(hostname)"
 
# Get data in dd-mm-yyyy format
NOW="$(date +"%d-%m-%Y")"
 
# File to store current backup file
FILE=""
# Store list of databases 
DBS=""
 
# DO NOT BACKUP these databases
IGGY="test"
 
[ ! -d $MBD ] && mkdir -p $MBD || :
 
# Only root can access it!
$CHOWN 0.0 -R $DEST
$CHMOD 0600 $DEST
 
# Get all database list first
DBS="$($MYSQL -u $MyUSER -h $MyHOST -p$MyPASS -Bse 'show databases')"
 
for db in $DBS
do
    skipdb=-1
    if [ "$IGGY" != "" ];
    then
	for i in $IGGY
	do
	    [ "$db" == "$i" ] && skipdb=1 || :
	done
    fi
 
    if [ "$skipdb" == "-1" ] ; then
	FILE="$MBD/$db.$HOST.$NOW.gz"
	# do all inone job in pipe,
	# connect to mysql using mysqldump for select mysql database
	# and pipe it out to gz file in backup dir :)
        $MYSQLDUMP -u $MyUSER -h $MyHOST -p$MyPASS $db | $GZIP -9 > $FILE
    fi
done

保存后将以上脚本加入crontab调度。如：每天早上四点半备份：30 4 * * * /data/backup-db.sh

如果你使用mysql5.1，可能会提示mysqldump 错误:

mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `general_log`': Table 'mysql.general_log' doesn't exist

mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `slow_log`': Table 'mysql.slow_log' doesn't exist

原因是mysql库中没有show_log表和general_log表，需要手动创建：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS general_log (
  event_time timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  user_host mediumtext NOT NULL,
  thread_id int(11) NOT NULL,
  server_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  command_type varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  argument mediumtext NOT NULL
) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='General log';


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS slow_log (
  start_time timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  user_host mediumtext NOT NULL,
  query_time time NOT NULL,
  lock_time time NOT NULL,
  rows_sent int(11) NOT NULL,
  rows_examined int(11) NOT NULL,
  db varchar(512) NOT NULL,
  last_insert_id int(11) NOT NULL,
  insert_id int(11) NOT NULL,
  server_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
  sql_text mediumtext NOT NULL
) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='Slow log';