select * from 销售订单表 a where not exists(select * from 价格表 where
物料ID = a.物料ID and  客户ID = a.客户ID and 销售单价 = a.物料单价
)

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code

select * from 销售订单表 x left outer join 价格表 j on x.物料ID = j.物料ID
where j.物料id is null or j.销售单价<>x.物料单价

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code
SELECT *
FROM   销售订单表 a
WHERE  NOT EXISTS (SELECT *
                   FROM   价格表 b
                   WHERE  b.物料id = a.物料id
                          AND b.客户id = a.客户id
                          AND b.销售单价 = a.物料单价)

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code
if object_id('[价格表]') is not null drop table [价格表]
go
create table [价格表]([物料ID] varchar(1),[客户ID] int,[销售单价] numeric(3,1))
insert [价格表]
select 'A',10001,1.2 union all
select 'A',10001,1.4 union all
select 'A',10001,1.5 union all
select 'B',20001,20 union all
select 'B',20001,22 union all
select 'B',20001,25
go
if object_id('[销售订单表]') is not null drop table [销售订单表]
go
create table [销售订单表]([订单号] varchar(5),[客户ID] int,[物料ID] varchar(1),[物料数量] int,[物料单价] numeric(3,1))
insert [销售订单表]
select 'S0001',10001,'A',2000,1.2 union all
select 'S0001',10001,'A',1000,1.8 union all
select 'S0001',20001,'B',1000,22 union all
select 'S0001',20001,'B',3000,25 union all
select 'S0001',20001,'C',2000,25 --为测试增加的记录
go

-->查询：
select * from 销售订单表 t
where not exists(select 1 from 价格表 where 物料ID=t.物料ID and 销售单价=t.物料单价)

/**
订单号   客户ID        物料ID 物料数量        物料单价
----- ----------- ---- ----------- ---------------------------------------
S0001 10001       A    1000        1.8
S0001 20001       C    2000        25.0

(2 行受影响)
**/