select ____ as 非零类型个数
from table1

declare @table1 table(c1 varchar(1),c2 int)
insert into @table1
select 'A', 2 union all
select 'A', 4 union all
select 'B', 0 union all
select 'B', 5 union all
select 'C', 0

select sum(cnt) 非零类型个数 from
(
    select case when max(c2)>0 then 1 else 0 end cnt
    from @table1
    group by c1
)t

/*
非零类型个数
-----------
2
*/

------解决方案--------------------
SUM(CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM TABLE1 WHERE 数值<>0) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code

declare @table1 table([类型] varchar(1),[数值] int)
insert @table1
select 'A',2 union all
select 'A',4 union all
select 'B',0 union all
select 'B',5 union all
select 'C',0

select top 1 sum(1) as 非零类型个数
from @table1 t group by [类型] having(sum([数值])<>0)
/*
非零类型个数
-----------
2
*/

------解决方案--------------------

SQL code

declare @table1 table(c1 varchar(1),c2 int)
insert into @table1
select 'A', 2 union all
select 'A', 4 union all
select 'A', 4 union all
select 'B', 0 union all
select 'B', 5 union all
select 'C', 0



select count(distinct case when c2 > 0 then c1 else null end ) as 非零类型个数
from @table1