--> 测试数据：[tb]
IF OBJECT_ID('[tb]') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE [tb]
GO 
CREATE TABLE [tb]([id] INT,[name] VARCHAR(4))
INSERT [tb]
SELECT 1,'张三' UNION ALL
SELECT 2,'张三' UNION ALL
SELECT 3,'李四' UNION ALL
SELECT 4,'王五' UNION ALL
SELECT 5,'张三' UNION ALL
SELECT 8,'张三' UNION ALL
SELECT 9,'张三' UNION ALL 
SELECT 11,'张三' UNION ALL 
SELECT 12,'王五'
--------------开始查询--------------------------

--1
;WITH cte AS
(
SELECT *,row_id=ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY id) FROM [tb]
)
SELECT id=ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY id),name FROM cte  AS a 
WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM cte WHERE [name]=a.[name] AND [row_id]=a.[row_id]-1 )
--2
SELECT id=ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY id),name FROM [tb]  AS a 
WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM [tb] WHERE [name]=a.[name] AND [id]=a.[id]-1 )

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code
DENSE_RANK ( ) OVER ( [ <partition_by_clause> ] < order_by_clause > )