declare @str varchar(100)
set @str='a'  --要搜索的字符串

declare @s varchar(8000)
declare tb cursor local for
    select 'if exists(select 1 from ['+b.name+'] where ['+a.name+'] like ''%'+@str+'%'')
        print '' ['+b.name+'].['+a.name+']'''
    from syscolumns a join sysobjects b on a.id=b.id
    where b.xtype='U' and a.status>=0
        and a.xusertype in(175,239,231,167)
open tb
fetch next from tb into @s
while @@fetch_status=0
begin
    exec(@s)
    fetch next from tb into @s
end
close tb
deallocate tb

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code
搜索指定数据在那个对象中存在.txt

CREATE PROC sp_ValueSearch
@value sql_variant,  --要搜索的数据
@precision bit=1     --1=仅根据sql_variant中的数据类型查找对应类型的数据列.<>1,查询兼容的所有列,字符数据使用like匹配
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
IF @value IS NULL RETURN

--数据类型处理
SELECT xtype INTO #t FROM systypes
WHERE name=SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@value,N'BaseType')

--扩展数据类型及查询处理语句
DECLARE @sql nvarchar(4000),@sql1 nvarchar(4000)
IF @precision=1
    SET @sql=CASE SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@value,N'BaseType')
        WHEN N'text' THEN N' LIKE N''%''+CAST(@value as varchar(8000))+''%'''
        WHEN N'ntext' THEN N' LIKE ''%''+CAST(@value as nvarchar(4000))+''%'''
        ELSE N'=@value' END
ELSE
BEGIN
    SET @sql=CAST(SQL_VARIANT_PROPERTY(@value,N'BaseType') as sysname)
    IF @sql LIKE N'%char' or @sql LIKE N'%text'
    BEGIN
        INSERT #t SELECT xtype FROM systypes
        WHERE name LIKE N'%char' or name LIKE N'%text'
        SELECT @sql=N' LIKE N''%''+CAST(@value as '
            +CASE 
                WHEN LEFT(@sql,1)=N'n' THEN ' nvarchar(4000)'
                ELSE 'varchar(8000)' END
            +N')+N''%'''
    END
    ELSE IF @sql LIKE N'%datetime'
    BEGIN
        INSERT #t SELECT xtype FROM systypes
        WHERE name LIKE N'%datetime'
        SET @sql=N'=@value'    
    END
    ELSE IF @sql LIKE N'%int' 
        OR @sql LIKE N'%money' 
        OR @sql IN(N'real',N'float',N'decimal',N'numeric')
    BEGIN
        INSERT #t SELECT xtype FROM systypes
        WHERE name LIKE N'%int' 
            OR name LIKE N'%money' 
            OR name IN(N'real',N'float',N'decimal')
        SET @sql=N'=@value'    
    END
    ELSE
        SET @sql=N'=@value'
END
--保存结果的临时表
CREATE TABLE #(TableName sysname,FieldName sysname,Type sysname,SQL nvarchar(4000))

DECLARE tb CURSOR LOCAL
FOR
SELECT N'SELECT * FROM '
    +QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(o.uid))
    +N'.'+QUOTENAME(o.name)
    +N' WHERE '+QUOTENAME(c.name)
    +@sql,
    N'INSERT # VALUES(N'+QUOTENAME(o.name,N'''')
    +N',N'+QUOTENAME(c.name,N'''')
    +N',N'+QUOTENAME(QUOTENAME(t.name)+CASE 
        WHEN t.name IN (N'decimal',N'numeric')
        THEN N'('+CAST(c.prec as varchar)+N','+CAST(c.scale as varchar)+N')'
        WHEN t.name=N'float'
            OR t.name like N'%char'
            OR t.name like N'%binary'
        THEN N'('+CAST(c.prec as varchar)+N')'
        ELSE N'' END,N'''')
    +N',@sql)'
FROM sysobjects o,syscolumns c,systypes t,#t tt
WHERE o.id=c.id
    AND c.xusertype=t.xusertype
    AND t.xtype=tt.xtype
    AND OBJECTPROPERTY(o.id,N'IsUserTable')=1

OPEN tb
FETCH tb INTO @sql,@sql1
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS=0
BEGIN
    SET @sql1=N'IF EXISTS('+@sql+N') '+@sql1
    EXEC sp_executesql @sql1,N'@value sql_variant,@sql nvarchar(4000)',@value,@sql
    FETCH tb INTO @sql,@sql1
END
CLOSE tb
DEALLOCATE tb
SELECT * FROM #

GO

------解决方案--------------------

SQL code
法二：只包含char,nchar,varchar,nvarchar

---------------------------

declare @str varchar(100)
set @str='a'  --要搜索的字符串

declare @s varchar(8000)
declare tb cursor local for
    select 'if exists(select 1 from ['+b.name+'] where ['+a.name+'] like ''%'+@str+'%'')
        print '' ['+b.name+'].['+a.name+']'''
    from syscolum