declare @T table([经度] numeric(8,5),[纬度] numeric(7,5))
insert @T
select 122.23423,23.23234 union all
select 123.23678,23.23456 union all
select 124.43342,34.23232

select * from @T
order by power((纬度-23.23111),2)+power((经度-122.23111),2)
/*
经度                             纬度
------------------------------ ------------------------------
122.23423                      23.23234
123.23678                      23.23456
124.43342                      34.23232

(3 row(s) affected)
*/