if object_id('[tb]') is not null drop table [tb]
go
create table [tb]([Name] varchar(1),[Status] varchar(4),[Data] datetime)
insert [tb]
select 'a','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'a','Pass','2012-05-11' union all
select 'a','Fail','2012-05-09' union all
select 'a','Pass','2012-05-10' union all
select 'b','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'b','Fail','2012-05-11' union all
select 'b','Pass','2012-05-10' union all
select 'b','Pass','2012-05-09' union all
select 'b','Pass','2012-05-08' union all
select 'c','Pass','2012-05-09' union all
select 'c','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'd','Pass','2012-05-09' union all
select 'd','Pass','2012-05-08' union all
select 'e','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'e','Pass','2012-05-11' union all
select 'e','Pass','2012-05-09' union all
select 'w','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'w','Fail','2012-05-12' union all
select 'y','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'y','Fail','2012-05-11' union all
select 'y','Fail','2012-05-09' union all
select 'y','Fail','2012-05-06' union all
select 'y','Fail','2012-05-05' union all
select 'z','Fail','2012-05-06' union all
select 'z','Fail','2012-05-05'
go

select name
from
(
  select * from tb t 
  where data in(select top 2 data from tb where name=t.name order by data desc)
) t
where status='pass'
group by name
having count(1)>1
/**
name
----
a
c
d
e

(4 行受影响)
**/

select name
from
(
  select * from tb t 
  where data in(select top 2 data from tb where name=t.name order by data desc)
) t
group by name
having count(distinct status)>1
/**
name
----
b
w
y

(3 行受影响)
**/

------解决方案--------------------
create table t1
(
	name varchar(2),
	sta varchar(5),
	data date
)
insert into t1
select 'a','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'a','Pass','2012-05-11' union all
select 'a','Fail','2012-05-09' union all
select 'a','Pass','2012-05-10' union all
select 'b','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'b','Fail','2012-05-11' union all
select 'b','Pass','2012-05-10' union all
select 'b','Pass','2012-05-09' union all
select 'b','Pass','2012-05-08' union all
select 'c','Pass','2012-05-09' union all
select 'c','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'd','Pass','2012-05-09' union all
select 'd','Pass','2012-05-08' union all
select 'e','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'e','Pass','2012-05-11' union all
select 'e','Pass','2012-05-09' union all
select 'w','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'w','Fail','2012-05-12' union all
select 'y','Pass','2012-05-12' union all
select 'y','Fail','2012-05-11' union all
select 'y','Fail','2012-05-09' union all
select 'y','Fail','2012-05-06' union all
select 'y','Fail','2012-05-05' union all
select 'z','Fail','2012-05-06' union all
select 'z','Fail','2012-05-05'
select * from t