select '[>=90]'范围 ,
        sum(case when 英语>=90 then 1 else 0 end)英语,
        sum(case when 数学>=90 then 1 else 0 end)数学,
        sum(case when 物理>=90 then 1 else 0 end)物理,
        sum(case when 化学>=90 then 1 else 0 end)化学,
        sum(case when VB>=90 then 1 else 0 end)VB
from tb
union all
select '[80-90]'范围 ,
        sum(case when 英语 between 80 and 90 then 1 else 0 end)英语,
        sum(case when 数学 between 80 and 90 then 1 else 0 end)数学,
        sum(case when 物理 between 80 and 90 then 1 else 0 end)物理,
        sum(case when 化学 between 80 and 90 then 1 else 0 end)化学,
        sum(case when VB between 80 and 90 then 1 else 0 end)VB
from tb
....

------解决方案--------------------

SQL code
CREATE TABLE tb(ID int,Num int)
INSERT tb SELECT 1,2
UNION ALL ALL SELECT 6,2
UNION ALL SELECT 7,1
UNION ALL SELECT 8,5
UNION ALL SELECT 9,1
GO

--查询的存储过程
CREATE PROC p_Qry
@group VARCHAR(1000)
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
IF @group LIKE '%[^0-9,]%'
BEGIN
    RAISERROR(N'"%s" 中包含非数字数据',1,16,@group)
    RETURN
END
--将字符串分拆为分组表
DECLARE @t TABLE(ID int IDENTITY,Groups varchar(10),a int,b int)
DECLARE @i int,@pid varchar(10)
SELECT @i=CHARINDEX(',',@group+',')
     ,@pid=LEFT(@group,@i-1)
     ,@group=STUFF(@group,1,@i,'')+','
     ,@i=CHARINDEX(',',@group)
INSERT @t SELECT 'ID<='+@pid,NULL,@pid
WHILE @i>1
BEGIN
    INSERT @t SELECT @pid+'<ID<='+LEFT(@group,@i-1),@pid,LEFT(@group,@i-1)
    SELECT @pid=LEFT(@group,@i-1)
        ,@group=STUFF(@group,1,@i,'')
        ,@i=CHARINDEX(',',@group)
END
INSERT @t SELECT 'ID>'+@pid,@pid,NULL

--根据分组表统计
SELECT b.Groups,Num=ISNULL(SUM(a.Num),0)
FROM tb a RIGHT JOIN @t b 
    ON (a.ID<=b.b OR b.b IS NULL)
        AND(a.ID>b.a OR b.a IS NULL)
GROUP BY b.ID,b.Groups
ORDER BY b.ID
GO

--调用存储过程进行查询
EXEC p_Qry '2,3,6'
/*--测试结果
Groups     Num         
---------- ----------- 
ID<=2      5
2<ID<=3    2
3<ID<=6    16
ID>6       7
--*/

------解决方案--------------------

SQL code
---------------------------------