create table table1(bbb int)
insert into table1 values(2)
insert into table1 values(3)
insert into table1 values(5)
insert into table1 values(1)
go

declare @arr varchar(10) set @arr='3,5'

select * from table1 where charindex(','+cast(bbb as varchar) + ',' , ',' + @arr + ',') = 0
/*
bbb         
----------- 
2
1

（所影响的行数为 2 行）
*/

select * from table1 where ',' + @arr + ',' not like '%,'+cast(bbb as varchar) + ',%'
/*
bbb         
----------- 
2
1

（所影响的行数为 2 行）
*/

drop table table1