declare @表一 table (型号 varchar(6),产量 int,价格 int)
insert into @表一
select 'HP5100',100,5000 union all
select 'HP5200',200,6500 union all
select 'HP3548',300,7800

declare @表二 table (产品号 varchar(3),型号 varchar(6))
insert into @表二
select 'AAA','HP5100' union all
select 'BBB','HP5100' union all
select 'CCC','HP5100' union all
select 'DDD','HP5200' union all
select 'EEE','HP5200' union all
select 'FFF','HP3548' union all
select 'GGG','HP3548' union all
select 'JJJ','HP3548' union all
select 'KKK','HP3548'

select *,(SELECT TOP 1 产品号 FROM @表二 WHERE 型号=A.型号 ORDER BY NEWID()) 
from @表一 A 
/*
型号     产量          价格          
------ ----------- ----------- ----
HP5100 100         5000        BBB
HP5200 200         6500        DDD
HP3548 300         7800        GGG
*/