declare @s varchar(50)

select @s='A0000000003,A0000000006'

select
 * 
from
 tb 
where
 串码 between
 left(@x,charindex(',',@s)-1)
and
 substring(@s,charindex(',',@s)+1,20)

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code

create table t10(ID int,串码 varchar(20))

insert into t10
select 1, 'A0000000001' union all
select 2, 'A0000000002' union all
select 3, 'A0000000003' union all
select 4, 'A0000000004' union all
select 5, 'A0000000005' union all
select 6, 'A0000000006' union all
select 7, 'A0000000007'

-- 程序中输入的串@x
declare @x varchar(50)

select @x='A0000000003,A0000000006'

select * from t10
where 串码 between left(@x,charindex(',',@x)-1)
and substring(@x,charindex(',',@x)+1,20)

ID          串码
----------- --------------------
3           A0000000003
4           A0000000004
5           A0000000005
6           A0000000006

------解决方案--------------------
探讨

上面的回答很精彩，
我现在有一个新的想法
可否使用Like进行模糊查询其中的范围？
客户输入 a100000,a2dafdsfs
查询 where serialNumber like 'a100000,a2dafdsfs'
where serialNumber like '%a100000,a2dafdsfs%'
来实现上面的功能？