declare @sql varchar(1000), --sql语句
        @nCol int --你要改的列
set @nCol=2 --假设你要改第２列
set @sql='update #TmpA set ' + col_name(N'#TmpA',@nCol) + '=replace(' + col_name(N'#TmpA',@nCol) + ', ''e'', ''f'')'
exec(@sql)

------解决方案--------------------
替换列名用sp_rename 函数


SQL code
use tempdb
declare @columnNameOld varchar(100),@columnNameNew varchar(100)
select @columnNameOld = name from syscolumns where name like '%e%' and id = object_id('#TmpA')
select @columnNameNew = replace(@columnNameOld,'e','f')
select @columnNameOld = '#TmpA.' + @columnNameOld
EXECUTE sp_rename @columnNameOld, @columnNameNew, 'COLUMN'

------解决方案--------------------
USE tempdb
EXECUTE sp_rename '#TmpA.colfield1', 'colfifld1', 'COLUMN'

------解决方案--------------------
临时表的字段不能修改，因为临时表都是存储在msdn库里面，而不是存储在sysobjects和syscolumns等系统表里面

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code
--如果是固定表：

create table LastA (English int, Chinese int,USA int)
insert LastA select 1,2,3
select * from LastA
/*
English     Chinese     USA         
----------- ----------- ----------- 
1           2           3
*/

declare @sql varchar(8000)
select @sql=isnull(@sql+char(10),'')+'exec sp_rename ''LastA.'+name+''','''+replace(name,'e','f')+''',''column'''
    from syscolumns
    where id=object_id('LastA') and charindex('e',name)>0
exec (@sql)

select * from LastA
/*
fnglish     Chinfsf     USA         
----------- ----------- ----------- 
1           2           3
*/

drop table LastA