SELECT  column_name AS `列名`, 
 data_type   AS `数据类型`, 
 character_maximum_length  AS `字符长度`,
 numeric_precision AS `数字长度`,
 numeric_scale AS `小数位数`,
 is_nullable AS `是否允许非空`, 
 CASE WHEN extra = 'auto_increment' 
   THEN 1 ELSE 0 END AS `是否自增`,
 column_default  AS  `默认值`, 
 column_comment  AS  `备注`
FROM
 Information_schema.columns
WHERE
  table_Name='test';

SHOW TABLE STATUS  FROM `database_name`;

SHOW TABLES   FROM `database_name`;