mysql中查看和设置系统字符编码
--查看数据库的字符集
show variables like 'character\_set\_%';
show variables like 'collation_%';
--设置数据库字符编码，如果单从控制台上面设置，仅当次连接生效
set names 'utf8'
alter database payment character set utf8;
create database mydb character set utf8;
set character_set_client=utf8;
set character_set_connection=utf8;
set character_set_database=utf8;
set character_set_results=utf8;
set character_set_server=utf8;
set character_set_system=utf8;
set collation_connection=utf8;
set collation_database=utf8;
set collation_server=utf8;

Linux设置字符编码

安装后
/etc/init.d/mysql start (stop) 为启动和停止服务器
/etc/mysql/ 主要配置文件所在位置 my.cnf
/var/lib/mysql/ 放置的是数据库表文件夹，这里的mysql相当于windows下mysql的date文件夹

启动mysql后，以root登录mysql
isher@isher-ubuntu:~$ mysql -u root
>show variables like 'character%'; #执行编码显示
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

在某些时候，我们续要修改mysql默认数据库的编码，以保证某些迁移的程序可以正常显示，编辑my.cnf文件进行编码修改,windows可以直接用Ｍysql Server Instance Config Wizard 进行设置

在linux下修改３个my.cnf的１个/etc/mysql/my.cnf文件

找到客户端配置[client] 在下面添加
default-character-set=utf8 默认字符集为utf8
在找到[mysqld] 添加
default-character-set=utf8 默认字符集为utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' （设定连接mysql数据库时使用utf8编码，以让mysql数据库为utf8运行）

修改好后，重新启动mysql 即可，查询一下show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+



此方法用于标准mysql版本同样有效，对于/etc/my.cnf文件，需要从mysql/support-files的文件夹cp my-large.cnf一份到/etc/my.cnf