select nd,yf,bumen,
        sum(case when xiaoshou_dm = 'a' then shuliang else 0) end dm_a,
        sum(case when xiaoshou_dm = 'b' then shuliang else 0) end dm_b,
        sum(case when xiaoshou_dm = 'c' then shuliang else 0) end dm_c,
        sum(case when xiaoshou_dm = 'd' then shuliang else 0) end dm_d,
        sum(case when xiaoshou_dm = 'e' then shuliang else 0) end dm_e,
  from t
 group by nd,yf,bumen

------解决方案--------------------

典型行列转换，使用decode，case函数都是可以的

------解决方案--------------------
可以自己写个通用的function