select *  
  from table1
   where (to_char(tranDate,'dd-mm-yyy')||(trim(tranId))||(trim(tranSrlNum)) = (   
  select max((to_char(tranDate,'dd-mm-yyy')||(trim(tranId))||(trim(tranSrlNum)) )  
  from table1
   where pID = '1234567'
   )

select *
  from( select row_number()over(partition by pID order by tranDate desc) row_,
               t.*
          from table1)
 where row_ = 1;

------解决方案--------------------
补充一句，排序条件  order by tranDate desc 我分析只需要这一个条件。
你根据你自己的业务情况，改改吧。

------解决方案--------------------

探讨

SQL code

select *
  from( select row_number()over(partition by pID order by tranDate desc) row_,
               t.*
          from table1)
 where row_ = 1;


------解决方案--------------------
SQL code
select *
  from( select row_number()over(partition by pID order by tranDate desc) row_,
               t.*
          from table1
 )
 where row_ = 1 and pID = '1234567'

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code
select *
  from( select row_number()over(partition by pID order by tranDate desc) row_,
               t.*
          from table1)
 where row_ = 1 
and pid=''  --加条件

------解决方案--------------------

select nt.pid,nt.trandate,nt.tranid,nt.transrlnum,nt.tranAmt from  
(select t.pid,t.trandate,t.tranid,t.transrlnum,t.tranAmt,
rank() over(partition by t.pid order by t.trandate desc,t.tranid desc,t.transrlnum desc) r 
from table1 t) nt
where nt.r=1 and nt.pid='1234567'

测试通过，给分吧。