目录文档
所有的目录下都需要具有README文档，其中包括：
该目录的功能及其包含内容
一个对每一文件的在线说明（带有link），每一个说明通常还应该提取文件标头的一些属性名字。
包括设置、使用说明
指导人民如何连接相关资源：
源文件索引
在线文档
纸文档
设计文档
其他对读者有帮助的东西
考虑一下，当每个原有的工程人员走了，在6个月之内来的一个新人，那个孤独受惊吓的探险者通过整个
工程的源代码目录树，阅读说明文件，源文件的标头说明等等做为地图，他应该有能力穿越整个工程。
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Use a Design Notation and Process
Programmers need to have a common language for talking about coding, designs, and the software process in general. This is critical to project success.
Any project brings together people of widely varying skills, knowledge, and experience. Even if everyone on a project is a genius you will still fail because people will endlessly talk past each other because there is no common language and processes binding the project together. All you'll get is massive fights, burnout, and little progress. If you send your group to training they may not come back seasoned experts but at least your group will all be on the same page; a team.
There are many popular methodologies out there. The point is to do some research, pick a method, train your people on it, and use it. Take a look at the top of this page for links to various methodologies.
You may find the CRC (class responsibility cards) approach to teasing out a design useful. Many others have. It is an informal approach encouraging team cooperation and focusing on objects doing things rather than objects having attributes. There's even a whole book on it: Using CRC Cards by Nancy M. Wilkinson.
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Using Use Cases
A use case is a generic description of an entire transaction involving several objects. A use case can also describe the behaviour of a set of objects, such as an organization. A use case model thus presents a collection of use cases and is typically used to specify the behavior of a whole application system together with one or more external actors that interact with the system.
An individual use case may have a name (although it is typically not a simple name). Its meaning is often written as an informal text description of the external actors and the sequences of events between objects that make up the transaction. Use cases can include other use cases as part of their behaviour.
Requirements Capture
Use cases attempt to capture the requirements for a system in an understandable form. The idea is by running through a set of use case we can verify that the system is doing what it should be doing.
Have as many use cases as needed to describe what a system needs to accomplish.
The Process
Start by understanding the system you are trying to build.
Create a set of use cases describing how the system is to be used by all its different audiences.
Create a class and object model for the system.
Run through all the use cases to make sure your model can handle all the cases. Update your model and create new use cases as necessary.
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Open/Closed Principle
The Open/Closed principle states a class must be open and closed where:
open means a class has the ability to be extended.
closed means a class is closed for modifications other than extension. The idea is once a class has been approved for use having gone through code reviews, unit tests, and other qualifying procedures, you don't want to change the class very much, just extend it.
The Open/Closed principle is a pitch for stability. A system is extended by adding new code not by changing already working code. Programmers often don't feel comfortable changing old code because it works! This principle just gives you an academic sounding justification for your fears :-)
In practice the Open/Closed principle simply means making good use of our