--表
select * from sysobjects where id=object_id(N'表名') and xtype='U'  
--表的结构   
select * from syscolumns where id=object_id(N'表名')     
--存储过程   
select * from sysobjects where id=object_id(N'存储过程名') and xtype='P'  

查询最后修改时间

--存储过程
select name,modify_date from sys.all_objects where type='P' order by modify_date desc
--触发器
select name,modify_date from sys.all_objects where type='TR' order by modify_date desc
--表
select * from sys.all_objects where type='u' order by modify_date desc