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文章出自: http://blog.csdn.net/wh62592855/article/details/4712555/
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Union和Union All的区别
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假设我们有一个表Student,包括以下字段与数据:
drop table student; create table student ( id int primary key, name nvarchar2(50) not null, score number not null ); insert into student values(1,'Aaron',78); insert into student values(2,'Bill',76); insert into student values(3,'Cindy',89); insert into student values(4,'Damon',90); insert into student values(5,'Ella',73); insert into student values(6,'Frado',61); insert into student values(7,'Gill',99); insert into student values(8,'Hellen',56); insert into student values(9,'Ivan',93); insert into student values(10,'Jay',90); commit;
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首先,我们来看一下UNION的例子:
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select * from student where id < 4 union select * from student where id > 2 and id < 6;
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ID NAME SCORE ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 1 Aaron 78 2 Bill 76 3 Cindy 89 4 Damon 90 5 Ella 73
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如果换成Union All连接两个结果集,则结果如下:
select * from student where id < 4 union all select * from student where id > 2 and id < 6;
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结果:
ID NAME SCORE ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 1 Aaron 78 2 Bill 76 3 Cindy 89 3 Cindy 89 4 Damon 90 5 Ella 73 6 rows selected.
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可以看到,Union和Union All的区别之一在于对重复结果的处理。
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接下来,我们交换一个两个SELECT语句的顺序,看看结果是怎样的。
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SQL> select * 2 from student 3 where id>2 and id<6 4 union 5 select * 6 from student 7 where id<4 8 ; ID NAME SCORE ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 1 Aaron 78 2 Bill 76 3 Cindy 89 4 Damon 90 5 Ella 73 SQL> select * 2 from student 3 where id>2 and id<6 4 union all 5 select * 6 from student 7 where id<4 8 ; ID NAME SCORE ---------- ------------------------------ ---------- 3 Cindy 89 4 Damon 90 5 Ella 73 1 Aaron 78 2 Bill 76 3 Cindy 89 6 rows selected.
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可以看到,对于UNION来说,交换两个SELECT语句的顺序后结果仍然是一样的,这是因为UNION会自动排序。而UNION ALL在交换了SELECT语句的顺序后结果则不相同,因为UNION ALL不会对结果自动进行排序。
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那么这个自动排序的规则是什么呢?我们交换一下SELECT后面选择字段的顺序(前面使用SELECT *相当于SELECT