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(转载)innodb count(*) ?
(原文地址:http://imysql.cn/2008_06_24_speedup_innodb_count)
起因:在innodb表上做count(*)统计实在是太慢了,因此想办法看能不能再快点。
现象:先来看几个测试案例,如下
一、 sbtest 表上的测试
show create table sbtest\G *************************** 1. row *************************** ?Table: sbtest Create Table: ?CREATE TABLE `sbtest` ( `aid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `k` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', ?`c` char(120) NOT NULL default '', `pad` char(60) NOT NULL default '', PRIMARY KEY (`aid`), KEY `k` (`k`), KEY `id` (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1000001 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 填充了 1000万条 记录。
1、 直接 count(*)
explain SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sbtest; +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-------------+ | id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | ?+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-------------+ | 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | index | NULL | PRIMARY | 8 | NULL | 1000099 | Using index | +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+---------+-------------+ ?SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sbtest; ?+----------+ ?| COUNT(*) | +----------+ ?| 1000000 | +----------+ ?1 row in set (1.42 sec)
可以看到,如果不加任何条件,那么优化器优先采用 primary key 来进行扫描。
2、count(*) 使用 primary key 字段做条件
explain SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sbtest WHERE aid>=0; +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+--------+--------------------------+ ?| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+--------+--------------------------+ ?| 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 8 | NULL | 485600 | Using where; Using index | +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+--------+--------------------------+ SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sbtest WHERE aid>=0; +----------+ ?| COUNT(*) | +----------+ ?| 1000000 | ?+----------+ ?1 row in set (1.39 sec)
可以看到,尽管优化器认为只需要扫描 485600 条记录(其实是索引),比刚才少多了,但其实仍然要做全表(索引)扫描。因此耗时和第一种相当。
3、 count(*) 使用 secondary index 字段做条件
explain SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sbtest WHERE id>=0; ?+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+--------------------------+ ?| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+--------------------------+ ?| 1 | SIMPLE | sbtest | range | id | id | 4 | NULL | 500049 | Using where; Using index | +----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+--------------------------+ SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sbtest WHERE id>=0; +----------+ | COUNT(*) | +----------+ ?| 1000000 | +----------+ ?1 row in set (0.43 sec)
可以看到,采用这种方式查询会非常快。
有人也许会问了,会不会是因为 id 字段的长度比 aid 字段的长度来的小,导致它扫描起来比较快呢?先不着急下结论,咱们来看看下面的测试例子。
二、 sbtest1 表上的测试
show create table sbtest1\G ?*************************** 1. row *************************** ?Table: sbtest1 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `sbtest1` ( `aid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `k` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', ?`c` char(120) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', `pad` char(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY (`aid`), KEY `k` (`k`), KEY `id` (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1000001 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1这个表里,把 aid 和 id 的字段长度调换了一下,也填充了 1000万条 记录。
1、 直接 count(*)
explain SELECT COUNT(*)