oracle常识-常用的知识
用户SYS AS SYSDBA登陆
1、系统用户:
查询用户
SELECT USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS;
创建用户
CREATE USER SCOTT IDENTIFIED BY TIGER
删除用户
DROP USER USER_NAME CASCADE;
改口令
ALTER USER SCOTT IDENTIFIED BY TIGER;
解锁
ALTER USER SCOTT SCCOUNT UNLOCK。
授权
GRANT CREATE USER,DROP USER,ALTER USER ,CREATE ANY VIEW ,
DROP ANY VIEW,EXP_FULL_DATABASE,IMP_FULL_DATABASE,
DBA,CONNECT,RESOURCE,CREATE SESSION TO SCOTT
2、表空间:
查询表空间
SELECT * FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;
SELECT * FROM DBA_TABLESPACES;//表空间
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,SUM(BYTES), SUM(BLOCKS)
FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME;//空闲表空间
SELECT * FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='RBS';//表空间对应的数据文件
SELECT * FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME='INDEXS';
删除表空间
DROP TABLESPACE DATA01 INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
建立表空间
1.建立表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE DATA01
DATAFILE '/ORACLE/ORADATA/DB/DATA01.DBF' SIZE 500M
UNIFORM. SIZE 128K; #指定区尺寸为128K,如不指定,区尺寸默认为64K
2.建立UNDO表空间
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS02
DATAFILE '/ORACLE/ORADATA/DB/UNDOTBS02.DBF' SIZE 50M
#注意:在OPEN状态下某些时刻只能用一个UNDO表空间,如果要用新建的表空间,必须切换到
该表空间:
ALTER SYSTEM SET UNDO_TABLESPACE=UNDOTBS02;
3.建立临时表空间
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP_DATA
TEMPFILE '/ORACLE/ORADATA/DB/TEMP_DATA.DBF' SIZE 50M
改变表空间状态
1.使表空间脱机
ALTER TABLESPACE GAME OFFLINE;
如果是意外删除了数据文件,则必须带有RECOVER选项
ALTER TABLESPACE GAME OFFLINE FOR RECOVER;
2.使表空间联机
ALTER TABLESPACE GAME ONLINE;
3.使数据文件脱机
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE;
4.使数据文件联机
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE;
5.使表空间只读
ALTER TABLESPACE GAME READ ONLY;
6.使表空间可读写
ALTER TABLESPACE GAME READ WRITE;
扩展表空间
首先查看表空间的名字和所属文件
SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_ID, FILE_NAME,
ROUND(BYTES/(1024*1024),0) TOTAL_SPACE
FROM DBA_DATA_FILES
ORDER BY TABLESPACE_NAME;
1.增加数据文件
ALTER TABLESPACE GAME
ADD DATAFILE '/ORACLE/ORADATA/DB/GAME02.DBF' SIZE 1000M;
2.手动增加数据文件尺寸
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/ORACLE/ORADATA/DB/GAME.DBF'
RESIZE 4000M;
3.设定数据文件自动扩展
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/ORACLE/ORADATA/DB/GAME.DBF
AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M
MAXSIZE 10000M;
设定后查看表空间信息
SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE
3、数据库对象:
SELECT * FROM DBA_OBJECTS;
CLUSTER、DATABASE LINK、FUNCTION、INDEX、LIBRARY、PACKAGE、PACKAGE BODY、
PROCEDURE、SEQUENCE、SYNONYM、TABLE、TRIGGER、TYPE、UNDEFINED、VIEW。
4、表:
SELECT * FROM DBA_TABLES;
ANALYZE MY_TABLE COMPUTE STATISTICS;->DBA_TABLES后6列
SELECT EXTENT_ID,BYTES FROM DBA_EXTENTS
WHERE SEGMENT_NAME='CUSTOMERS' AND SEGMENT_TYPE='TABLE'
ORDER BY EXTENT_ID;//表使用的EXTENT的信息。SEGMENT_TYPE='ROLLBACK'查看回滚段的空间分配信息
列信息:
SELECT DISTINCT TABLE_NAME
FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE COLUMN_NAME='SO_TYPE_ID';
5、索引:
SELECT * FROM DBA_INDEXES;//索引,包括主键索引
SELECT * FROM DBA_IND_COLUMNS;//索引列
SELECT I.INDEX_NAME,I.UNIQUENESS,C.COLUMN_NAME
FROM USER_INDEXES I,USER_IND_COLUMNS C
WHERE I.INDEX_NAME=C.INDEX_NAME
AND I.TABLE_NAME ='ACC_NBR';//联接使用
6、序列:
SELECT * FROM DBA_SEQUENCES;
7、视图:
SELECT * FROM DBA_VIEWS;