日期:2014-05-16  浏览次数:20807 次

over partition by与group by 的区别
over partition by与group by 的区别

group by 只能得到分组后的统计数据,over partition by 不仅可以得到分组后的统计数据,还可以同时显示明细数据。
group by 是在where子句之后;over partition by 是from子句之前。



各位好!
over partition by 与 group by 都是与统计类函数用,这两个有什么区别呢?
目前我只知道一个这样的区别:
比如有一张表saraly:CREATE TABLE SALARY AS SELECT 'A' NAME,10 DEPT,1000 SALARY FROM DUAL UNION ALL SELECT 'B',10,2000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL SELECT 'C' ,20,1500 FROM DUAL UNION ALL SELECT 'D',20,3000 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 'E',10,1000 FROM DUAL;
NAME DEPT SALARY
A         10     1000
B         10     2000
C         20     1500
D         20     3000
E         10     1000  
用over partition by 我就可以查询到每位员工本来的具体信息和它所在部门的总工资:
select name,dept,salary,sum(salary) over (partition by dept) total_salary from salary; 
name       dept         salary      tatal_salary
A        10        1000        4000
B        10        2000        4000
E        10        1000        4000
C        20        1500        4500
D        20        3000        4500

用goup by 就没办法做到这点,只能查询到每个部门的总工资:
select dept,sum(salary) total_salary from salary group by dept
dept        total_salary
10        4000
20        4500
另外over partion by 还可以做到查询每位员工占部门总工资的百分比:
select name,dept,salary,salary*100/sum(salary) over (partition by dept) percent from salary;

name       dept         salary     percent
A        10        1000        25
B        10        2000        50
E        10        1000        25
C        20        1500        33.3333333333333
D        20        3000        66.6666666666667
用group by 也没办法做到这个.不知道我的理解正不正确,请各位朋友指点,特别是over partition by 与group by 的更多区别请各位一起分享,谢谢!