日期:2014-05-16  浏览次数:20572 次

转贴]如何正确利用Rownum来限制查询所返回的行数?
如何正确利用Rownum来限制查询所返回的行数?
软件环境:
1、Windows NT4.0+ORACLE 8.0.4
2、ORACLE安装路径为:C:\ORANT

含义解释:
1、rownum是oracle系统顺序分配为从查询返回的行的编号,返回的第一行分配的是1,第二行是2,
  依此类推,这个伪字段可以用于限制查询返回的总行数。
2、rownum不能以任何基表的名称作为前缀。
使用方法:
现有一个商品销售表sale,表结构为:
month    char(6)      --月份
sell    number(10,2)   --月销售金额

create table sale (month char(6),sell number);
insert into sale values('200001',1000);
insert into sale values('200002',1100);
insert into sale values('200003',1200);
insert into sale values('200004',1300);
insert into sale values('200005',1400);
insert into sale values('200006',1500);
insert into sale values('200007',1600);
insert into sale values('200101',1100);
insert into sale values('200202',1200);
insert into sale values('200301',1300);
insert into sale values('200008',1000);
commit;

SQL>; select rownum,month,sell from sale where rownum=1;(可以用在限制返回记录条数的地方,保证不出错,如:隐式游标)

??? ROWNUM MONTH??????? SELL
--------- ------ ---------
???????? 1 200001?????? 1000

SQL>; select rownum,month,sell from sale where rownum=2;(1以上都查不到记录)

没有查到记录

SQL>; select rownum,month,sell from sale where rownum>;5;
(由于rownum是一个总是从1开始的伪列,Oracle 认为这种条件不成立,查不到记录)


没有查到记录

只返回前3条纪录
SQL>; select rownum,month,sell from sale where rownum<4;

??? ROWNUM MONTH??????? SELL
--------- ------ ---------
???????? 1 200001?????? 1000
???????? 2 200002?????? 1100
???????? 3 200003?????? 1200


如何用rownum实现大于、小于逻辑?(返回rownum在4—10之间的数据)(minus操作,速度会受影响)
SQL>; select rownum,month,sell from sale where rownum<10
?? 2?? minus
?? 3?? select rownum,month,sell from sale where rownum<5;

??? ROWNUM MONTH??????? SELL
--------- ------ ---------
???????? 5 200005?????? 1400
???????? 6 200006?????? 1500
???????? 7 200007?????? 1600
???????? 8 200101?????? 1100
???????? 9 200202?????? 1200

想按日期排序,并且用rownum标出正确序号(有小到大)
SQL>; select rownum,month,sell from sale order by month;

??? ROWNUM MONTH??????? SELL
--------- ------ ---------
???????? 1 200001?????? 1000
???????? 2 200002?????? 1100
???????? 3 200003?????? 1200
???????? 4 200004?????? 1300
???????? 5 200005?????? 1400
???????? 6 200006?????? 1500
???????? 7 200007?????? 1600
??????? 11 200008?????? 1000
???????? 8 200101?????? 1100
???????? 9 200202?????? 1200
??????? 10 200301?????? 1300

查询到11记录.

可以发现,rownum并没有实现我们的意图,系统是按照记录入库时的顺序给记录排的号,rowid也是顺序分配的

SQL>; select rowid,rownum,month,sell from sale order by rowid;

ROWID????????????????? ROWNUM MONTH??????? SELL
------------------ --------- ------ ---------
000000E4.0000.0002????????? 1 200001?????? 1000
000000E4.0001.0002????????? 2 200002?????? 1100
000000E4.0002.0002????????? 3 200003?????? 1200
000000E4.0003.0002????????? 4 200004?????? 1300
000000E4.0004.0002????????? 5 200005?????? 1400
000000E4.0005.0002????????? 6 200006?????? 1500
000000E4.0006.0002????????? 7 200007?????? 1600
000000E4.0007.0002????????? 8 200101?????? 1100
000000E4.0008.0002????????? 9 200202?????? 1200
000000E4.0009.0002???????? 10 200301?????? 1300
000000E4.000A.0002???????? 11 200008?????? 1000

查询到11记录.

正确用法,使用子查询
SQL>; select rownum,month,sell from (select month,sell from sale group by month,sell) where rownum<13;

??? ROWNUM MONTH??????? SELL
--------- ------ ---------
???????? 1 200001?????? 1000
???????? 2 200002?????? 1100
???????? 3 200003?????? 1200
???????? 4 200004?????? 1300
???????? 5 200005?????? 1400
???????? 6 200006?????? 1500
???????? 7 200007?????? 1600
???????? 8 200008?????? 1000
???????? 9 200101?????? 1100
??????? 10 200202?????? 1200
??????? 11 200301???