Map<Map<String, List<String>>> map = LinkedMap<dMap<String, List<String>>>();
Map<String, List<String>> sub = new LinkedMap<String, List<String>>();
sub.put("项目1", new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(new String[]{"指标1", "指标2", "指标3"})));
sub.put("项目2", new ArrayList<String>(Arrays.asList(new String[]{"指标1", "指标2", "指标3"})));
map.put("科室1", sub); 
... //so on

------解决方案--------------------

3层嵌套就可以了
Map<String, Map<String, Map<Srting, String>>>，即
Map<科室, Map<项, Map<项目, 指标>>> 这样的结构


------解决方案--------------------
面向对象编程，如果有必要就把它们抽象成类。会轻松很多