select id from 表A where [name]='小乔'

------解决方案--------------------
create table #tid
(id1 li int identity,
id varchar(20),
name varchar(50),
sex varchar(2))

insert into #tid
select (ID,Name,Sex )
from 表A
1
select id1 from #tid where NAME = '小乔'
2
select t2.* from #tid t1, #tid  t2
  where t1.NAME = '小乔'
and  t1.id1+2>t2.id1
and t1.id1-2<t2.id1
and t2.name<>'小乔'
3
select count(sex),sex
from 表Ａ  
group by sex












------解决方案--------------------
--1
SQL code
select oid as '第几条' from (
select row_number() over (order by id) as oid,* from 表
) t where Name='小乔'

------解决方案--------------------

SQL code

drop table A
create table A(id nvarchar(10),name nvarchar(10),sex char(2))
insert into A select 'aaa','刘备','男' union select 'bbb','赵云','男'
 union select 'ccc','孙权','男' union select 'ccc','小乔','女'  

select px from # where name='小乔'

select  * from # where px between (select px from # where name='小乔')-1 and (select px  from # where name='小乔')+1

select [Sex],count([Sex]) as cnt from # group by [sex]

------解决方案--------------------
select px=identity(int,1,1),* into # from a

------解决方案--------------------

SQL code
-->生成测试数据
 
declare @tb table([ID] nvarchar(3),[Name] nvarchar(3),[Sex] nvarchar(1))
Insert @tb
select N'aaa',N'刘备',N'男' union all
select N'bbb',N'赵云',N'男' union all
select N'ccc',N'马超',N'男' union all
select N'ddd',N'孔明',N'男' union all
select N'eee',N'小乔',N'女' union all
select N'fff',N'大乔',N'女' union all
select N'ggg',N'孙尚香',N'女' union all
select N'hhh',N'张飞',N'男' union all
select N'jjj',N'黄忠',N'男' union all
select N'kkk',N'关羽',N'男' union all
select N'lll',N'甘宁',N'男' union all
select N'mmm',N'孙权',N'男'

select id from @tb where [name] = '小乔'
/*
eee
*/
select px= count(1) from @tb where id<= (select id from @tb where [name]='小乔')
/*
5
*/

select * from 
(
   select px =(select count(1) from @tb where id<=t.id),t.* from @tb t
)A
where px between (select count(1) from @tb where id <=(select id from @tb where [name]='小乔'))-2
         and (select count(1) from @tb where id <=(select id from @tb where [name]='小乔'))+2
         and [name]!='小乔'
/*
px          ID   Name Sex
----------- ---- ---- ----
3           ccc  马超   男
4           ddd  孔明   男
5           eee  小乔   女
6           fff  大乔   女
7           ggg  孙尚香  女
*/
select sum (case [Sex] when '男' then 1 else 0 end) as '男', 
       sum (case [Sex] when '女' then 1 else 0 end) as '女',
       case when sum (case [Sex] when '男' then 1 else 0 end) >= sum (case [Sex] when '男' then 1 else 0 end) then '男多于女' else '女多于男' end as '结果'
from @tb
/*
男           女           结果
----------- ----------- --------
9           3           男多于女
*/

------解决方案--------------------