--第一个问题:
create table A(JD_DM varchar(10),JF_DM varchar(10),ZD_ZH int,ZD_FH int,OLD_ZDBH varchar(20),zd_id int)
insert into A values('003','011',21,3,'03011021-03',1) 
insert into A values('003','012',3 ,6,'03012003-06',2) 
insert into A values('003','018',9 ,0,'03018009'   ,3) 
insert into A values('001','089',83,0,'01089083'   ,4) 
insert into A values('001','089',21,2,'01089021-02',5)  
create table B(old varchar(20),new varchar(20),id int)
insert into B values('03011021-03','03011021-03',null) 
insert into B values('03012003-06','03012003-08',null) 
insert into B values('03018009'   ,'03018009'   ,null) 
insert into B values('01089083'   ,'01089083-01',null) 
insert into B values('01089021-02','01089021-02',null) 
go

update B
set id = t.zd_id
from B,
(
  select right(JD_DM,2) JD_DM,
       JF_DM,
       right('000'+cast(ZD_ZH as varchar(3)),3) ZD_ZH,
       ZD_FH = case zd_fh when 0 then '' else right('00'+cast(zd_fh as varchar(2)),2) end,
       OLD_ZDBH,zd_id 
  from A
) t
where b.old = t.OLD_ZDBH and b.new = t.jd_dm + t.jf_dm + t.zd_zh + '-' + t.zd_fh

select * from b

drop table a,b

/*
old                  new                  id          
-------------------- -------------------- ----------- 
03011021-03          03011021-03          1
03012003-06          03012003-08          NULL
03018009             03018009             NULL
01089083             01089083-01          NULL
01089021-02          01089021-02          5

（所影响的行数为 5 行）
*/