日期:2014-05-16  浏览次数:20776 次

mysql 常用的一些命令
1, 查看MySQL服务器配置信息

mysql> show variables;
 

2, 查看MySQL服务器运行的各种状态值
mysql> show global status;
 

3, 慢查询
mysql> show variables like '%slow%';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| log_slow_queries | OFF   |
| slow_launch_time | 2     |
+------------------+-------+
mysql> show global status like '%slow%';
+---------------------+-------+
| Variable_name       | Value |
+---------------------+-------+
| Slow_launch_threads | 0     |
| Slow_queries        | 279   |
+---------------------+-------+
配置中关闭了记录慢查询(最好是打开,方便优化),超过2秒即为慢查询,一共有279条慢查询

4, 连接数
mysql> show variables like 'max_connections';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name   | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 500   |
+-----------------+-------+

mysql> show global status like 'max_used_connections';
+----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name        | Value |
+----------------------+-------+
| Max_used_connections | 498   |
+----------------------+-------+

设置的最大连接数是500,而响应的连接数是498

max_used_connections / max_connections * 100% = 99.6% (理想值 ≈ 85%)

5, key_buffer_size
key_buffer_size是对MyISAM表性能影响最大的一个参数, 不过数据库中多为Innodb

mysql> show variables like 'key_buffer_size';
+-----------------+----------+
| Variable_name   | Value    |
+-----------------+----------+
| key_buffer_size | 67108864 |
+-----------------+----------+

mysql> show global status like 'key_read%';
+-------------------+----------+
| Variable_name     | Value    |
+-------------------+----------+
| Key_read_requests | 25629497 |
| Key_reads         | 66071    |
+-------------------+----------+

一共有25629497个索引读取请求,有66071个请求在内存中没有找到直接从硬盘读取索引,计算索引未命中缓存的概率:
key_cache_miss_rate = Key_reads / Key_read_requests * 100% =0.27%
需要适当加大key_buffer_size


mysql> show global status like 'key_blocks_u%';
+-------------------+-------+
| Variable_name     | Value |
+-------------------+-------+
| Key_blocks_unused | 10285 |
| Key_blocks_used   | 47705 |
+-------------------+-------+
Key_blocks_unused表示未使用的缓存簇(blocks)数,Key_blocks_used表示曾经用到的最大的blocks数
Key_blocks_used / (Key_blocks_unused + Key_blocks_used) * 100% ≈ 18% (理想值 ≈ 80%)

6, 临时表

+-------------------------+---------+  

mysql> show global status like 'created_tmp%';
+-------------------------+---------+
| Variable_name           | Value   |
+-------------------------+---------+
| Created_tmp_disk_tables | 4184337 |
| Created_tmp_files       | 4124    |
| Created_tmp_tables      | 4215028 |
+-------------------------+---------+
每次创建临时表,Created_tmp_tables增加,如果是在磁盘上创建临时表,Created_tmp_disk_tables也增加,Created_tmp_files表示MySQL服务创建的临时文件文件数:
Created_tmp_disk_tables / Created_tmp_tables * 100% = 99% (理想值<= 25%)

mysql> show variables where Variable_name in ('tmp_table_size', 'max_heap_table_size');
+---------------------+-----------+
| Variable_name       | Value     |
+---------------------+-----------+
| max_heap_table_size | 134217728 |
| tmp_table_size      | 134217728 |
+---------------------+-----------+
需要增加tmp_table_size

7,open table 的情况
mysql> show global status like 'open%tables%';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| Open_tables   | 1024  |
| Opened_tables | 1465  |
+---------------+-------+
Open_tables 表示打开表的数量,Opened_tables表示打开过的表数量,如果Opened_tables数量过大,说明配置中 table_cache(5.1.3之后这个值叫做table_open_cache)值可能太小,我们查询一下服务器table_cache值

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