日期:2014-05-16  浏览次数:20411 次

在Spring中结合Dbunit对Dao进行集成单元测试
http://mshijie.iteye.com/blog/475172
测试类:
package com.test.dbunit.dao;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.dbunit.Assertion;
import org.dbunit.database.DatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.IDatabaseConnection;
import org.dbunit.database.QueryDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.IDataSet;
import org.dbunit.dataset.xml.FlatXmlDataSet;
import org.dbunit.operation.DatabaseOperation;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceUtils;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;

import com.test.dbunit.entity.User;


@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:testApplicationContext.xml" })
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)
public class UserDaoTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {
	@Autowired
	private UserDao userDao;

	@Autowired
	private DataSource dataSource;

	private IDatabaseConnection conn;

	@Before
	public void initDbunit() throws Exception {
		conn = new DatabaseConnection(DataSourceUtils.getConnection(dataSource));
	}

	@Test
	public void saveUser() throws Exception {
		User user = new User();
		user.setNick("user001");
		user.setPassword("password001");
		userDao.save(user);

		QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
		actual.addTable("user",
				"select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'");

		IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
				"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());

		Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual);
	}

	@Test
	public void updateUser() throws Exception {

		IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
				"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());

		DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen);

		User user = new User();
		user.setNick("user001");
		user.setPassword("password002");
		userDao.update(user);

		QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
		actual.addTable("user",
				"select * from user where user.nick = 'user001'");

		IDataSet expected = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
				"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001_updated.xml").getFile());

		Assertion.assertEquals(expected, actual);
	}

	@Test
	public void removeUser() throws Exception {
		IDataSet origen = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
				"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
		DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, origen);

		userDao.remove("user001");

		QueryDataSet actual = new QueryDataSet(conn);
		actual.addTable("user", "select * from user where nick = 'user001'");

		Assert.assertEquals(0, actual.getTable("user").getRowCount());
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void findUser() throws Exception {
		IDataSet data = new FlatXmlDataSet(new ClassPathResource(
				"com/taobao/dbunit/dao/user001.xml").getFile());
		DatabaseOperation.INSERT.execute(conn, data);

		
		User user = userDao.getUserByNick("user001");

		Assert.assertEquals("password001", user.getPassword());
	}

}

对Dao进行单元测试,一般有两种思路。一是Mock,对使用的底层API进行Mock,比如Hibernate和JDBC接口,判断接口有没有正确调用,另一种是实际访问数据库,判断数据库有没有正确读写。更多的情况下,我更倾向于后者,因为在使用ORM工具或者jdbcTemplate的情况下,dao一般只有简单的几行代码,没有复杂的逻辑,Mock测试一般没有什么意义,我们更关心的是,Hibernate mapping是否正确,ibatis sql是否正确等,所以实际读写数据库才能真正判断一个dao是否正确,这也是我们关心的测试内容。

好的单元测试应该是原子性的,独立的,不应依赖其他测试和上下文,但是要测试数据读写是否正确,就必须涉及初始数据的加载,数据修改的还原等操作。对于初始数据的加载,手动输入很麻烦,一个解决方案就是使用Dbunit,从Xml文件甚至Excel中加载初始数据到数据库,是数据库的值达到一个已知状态。同时还可以使用Dbunit,对数据库的结果状态进行判断,保证和期望的一致。数据修改的还原,可以依赖Spring TransactionalTests,在测试完成后回滚数据库。

Dbunit还可以对数据的现有数据进行备份,还原,清空现有数据,一个好的测试实践是每一个开发人员一个测试数据库,进而对数据库的数据状态有更好的控制,但现实可能会是共享同一个测试库,所以这种