create table tb(no varchar(20))
insert into tb
select '4008111111'union all
select '4008111212'union all
select '4008111234'union all
select '4008225656'union all
select '4008334567'union all
select '4008256562'union all
select '4008456700'

--abcd
select * from tb a,
(select '1234' as no union select '2345' union select '3456' union select '3456' 
union select '5678'  union select '6789' union select '7890' union select '0123') b
 where charindex(b.no,a.no)>0

--aabb
select * from tb a,
(select '1212' as no union select '2323' union select '3434' union select '4545' 
union select '5656'  union select '6767' union select '7878' union select '8989') b
 where charindex(b.no,a.no)>0
/*
no                   no
-------------------- ----
4008111234           1234
4008334567           3456

(2 行受影响)

no                   no
-------------------- ----
4008111212           1212
4008225656           5656
4008256562           5656

------解决方案--------------------
这个 用 SQL比较难吧 因为你的规则没有定好

------解决方案--------------------
是右边最后4位数字？
vfp9.0

alter table BigCodeTable add column right1  c(1)
alter table BigCodeTable add column right2  c(1)
alter table BigCodeTable add column right3  c(1)
alter table BigCodeTable add column right4  c(1)
use BigCodeTable
repl right1 with right(BigCode,1) all
repl right2 with substr(BigCode,9,1) all
repl right3 with substr(BigCode,8,1) all
repl right4 with substr(BigCode,7,1) all

aaaa类：
sele * from BigCodeTable where right1=right2=right3=right4

aabb:
sele * from BigCodeTable where right1=right2 and right3=right4
  
abcd:
sele * from BigCodeTable where right1!=right2 and right2!=right3 and right3!=right4

你参考。