with t1 as 
(
select '2009' a,'胜' b from dual union all
select '2009' a,'败' b from dual union all
select '2009' a,'胜' b from dual union all
select '2008' a,'胜' b from dual union all
select '2008' a,'败' b from dual
)
select a 年份,sum(decode(b,'胜',1,0)) 胜,sum(decode(b,'败',1,0)) 败
from t1
group by a

      年份    胜     败
----------------------------
1    2009    2    1
2    2008    1    1

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code
CREATE TABLE T169
(
    YEAR VARCHAR2(10),
    RESULT VARCHAR2(2)
);

-- 
INSERT INTO T169 VALUES('2009', '胜');
INSERT INTO T169 VALUES('2009', '败');
INSERT INTO T169 VALUES('2009', '胜');
INSERT INTO T169 VALUES('2008', '败');
INSERT INTO T169 VALUES('2008', '胜');

方法一：
SELECT YEAR,
       (SELECT COUNT(RESULT) FROM T169 c WHERE RESULT='胜' AND t.year =c.year)胜 ,
       (SELECT COUNT( RESULT) FROM T169 c WHERE RESULT='败' AND t.year =c.year)败　
FROM T169 t
GROUP BY YEAR;

方法二：
WITH cte
AS
(
   SELECT YEAR,CASE RESULT WHEN '胜' THEN 1 WHEN '败'THEN 0 END res
   FROM T169  
) 
SELECT YEAR,(SELECT COUNT(res) FROM cte c WHERE res>0 AND t.year =c.year),(SELECT COUNT( res) FROM cte c WHERE res=0 AND t.year =c.year)　
FROM cte t
GROUP BY YEAR;