--建立测试环境
set nocount on
create table test(idcard varchar(20),address varchar(2),subject varchar(2))
insert into test select '13233','02','22' 
insert into test select '45455','02','22' 
insert into test select '33555','02','22' 
insert into test select '13356','02','22' 
insert into test select '94432','02','22' 
insert into test select '22444','01','21' 
insert into test select '12342','01','21' 
insert into test select '10321','01','21' 
go
--测试
declare @table table(idcard varchar(20),randRow uniqueidentifier)

insert into @table select idcard,newid() from test

select idcard,address,subject,
address+subject+right('00000'+cast(rownum as varchar(10)),5) as [Key] from(
select a.*,
    (select count(*)+1 from @table t inner join test on t.idcard=test.idcard
        where randRow>b.randRow
            and address=a.address and subject=a.subject) as rownum
from test a inner join @table b on a.idcard=b.idcard )c
order by address,subject,idcard
 

--删除测试环境
drop table test
 set nocount off
/*
idcard               address subject Key
-------------------- ------- ------- --------------
10321                01      21      012100003
12342                01      21      012100002
22444                01      21      012100001
13233                02      22      022200004
13356                02      22      022200005
33555                02      22      022200001
45455                02      22      022200002
94432                02      22      022200003

*/