var s = "[基本工资]+[奖金]-[保险]";
var ret = splitX(s);
for (var i = 0; i < ret.length; i++)
{
    alert(ret[i]);
}
function splitX(s) {
    var ret = new Array();
    if (s == null || s == "")
    {
        return ret;
    }
    var idx1, idx2, i = 0;
    while ((idx1 = s.indexOf("[")) > -1 && idx1 != s.length - 1)
    {
        idx2 = s.indexOf("]");
        if (idx2 > idx1)
        {
            ret[i] = s.substring(idx1 + 1, idx2);
            i++;
            s = s.substring(idx2);
        } else {
            s = s.substring(idx1);
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

------解决方案--------------------
用正则最简单，也最正规！
Java code
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

public class Test {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\[(.*?)\\]");
    String str = "[基本工资]+[奖金]-[保险]";
    Matcher m = p.matcher(str);
    while (m.find()) {
      System.out.println(m.group(1));
    }
  }
}

------解决方案--------------------
JScript code

            function test(){
                var reg = /\[(.*?)\]/gi;
                var str = "[基本工资]+[奖金]-[保险]";
                var tmp = str.match(reg);
                if (tmp) {
                    for (var i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) {
                        alert(tmp[i]); // 保留中括号
                        alert(tmp[i].replace(reg, "$1")); // 不保留中括号
                    }
                } else {
                    alert("no match.");
                }
            }