日期:2014-05-16  浏览次数:20753 次

Linux内核--usb子系统的分析

drivers/usb/core/usb.c

subsys_init(usb_init);
module_exit(usb_exit);

我们 看到一个subsys_initcall,它也是一个宏,我们可以把它理解为module_init,只不过这部分代码比较核心,开发者们把它看做一个子系统,而不仅仅是一个模块。usbcore这个模块它代表的不是某一个设备,而是所有usb设备赖以生存的模块,Linux中,像这样一个类别的设备驱动被鬼节为一个子系统。比如PCI子系统、SCSI子系统,基本上,drivers/目录西面的每一个目录就算为一个子系统,因为他们代表了一类设备。

subsys_initcall(usb_init)的意思就是告诉我们usb_init是usb子系统真正的初始化函数,而usb_exit()将是整个usb子系统的结束时的清理函数。

我们需要从usb_init函数开始分析:

static int __init usb_init(void)

__init标记:它对于内核来说就是一种暗示,表明这个函数仅仅在初始化期间使用,在模块被装载之后,它占用的资源就会释放掉,用作别用。__init的定义在include/linux/init.h

#define __init __section(.init.text) __cold notrace

__attribute__、__section__等等都是GNUC的扩展,GNUC作为能够编译内核的唯一编译器。通常编译器将函数放在.text段,变量放在.data或.bss段,使用section属性,可以让编译器将函数或变量放在指定的段中。__init的定义便表示将它修饰的代码放在.init.text段中。连接器可以把相同段的代码或数据安排在一起,比如__init修饰的所有代码都被放在.init.text段中,初始化结束后就可以释放这部分内存。


设备模型:

总线、设备、驱动:(bus、device、driver)定义在include/linux/device.h

struct bus_type {
	const char		*name;
	struct bus_attribute	*bus_attrs;
	struct device_attribute	*dev_attrs;
	struct driver_attribute	*drv_attrs;

	int (*match)(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv);
	int (*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
	int (*probe)(struct device *dev);
	int (*remove)(struct device *dev);
	void (*shutdown)(struct device *dev);

	int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
	int (*resume)(struct device *dev);

	struct dev_pm_ops *pm;

	struct bus_type_private *p;
};

struct device_driver {
	const char		*name;
	struct bus_type		*bus;

	struct module		*owner;
	const char 		*mod_name;	/* used for built-in modules */

	int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
	int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
	void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
	int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
	int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
	struct attribute_group **groups;

	struct dev_pm_ops *pm;

	struct driver_private *p;
};

struct device {
	struct device		*parent;

	struct device_private	*p;

	struct kobject kobj;
	const char		*init_name; /* initial name of the device */
	struct device_type	*type;

	struct semaphore	sem;	/* semaphore to synchronize calls to
					 * its driver.
					 */

	struct bus_type	*bus;		/* type of bus device is on */
	struct device_driver *driver;	/* which driver has allocated this
					   device */
	void		*driver_data;	/* data private to the driver */
	void		*platform_data;	/* Platform specific data, device
					   core doesn't touch it */
	struct dev_pm_info	power;

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	int		numa_node;	/* NUMA node this device is close to */
#endif
	u64		*dma_mask;	/* dma mask (if dma'able device) */
	u64		coherent_dma_mask;/* Like dma_mask, but for
					     alloc_coherent mappings as
					     not all hardware supports
					     64 bit addresses for consistent
					     allocations such descriptors. */

	struct device_dma_parameters *dma_parms;

	struct list_head	dma_pools;	/* dma pools (if dma'ble) */