create table province
(
    id int,
    name nvarchar(50)
)
insert into province
select 1, '北京'
union all
select 2, '上海'
union all
select 3, '广东'

create table student
(
    id int,
    name nvarchar(50),
    provinceId int
)
insert into student
select 1, '张三', 1
union all
select 2, '李四', 1
union all
select 3, '王二', 2
union all
select 4, '麻子', 2
union all
select 5, '赵五', 2

create table teacher
(
    id int,
    name nvarchar(50),
    provinceId int
)
insert into teacher
select 1, '语文老师', 1
union all
select 2, '数学老师', 2
union all
select 3, '英语老师', 3
union all
select 4, '地理 老师', 3

create table score
(
   studentId int,
   score int
)
insert into score
select 1, 80
union all
select 2, 50
union all
select 3, 200

--期望得到
--id    name    student    teacher totalScore
--1    北京    2    1    130
--2    上海    3    1    200
--3    广东    0    2    0

select a.id,a.name,count(distinct b.name) as student,
count(distinct c.name) as teacher,isnull(sum(score),0) as totalScore
from province a
left join student b on a.id=b.provinceid
left join teacher c on a.id=c.provinceid
left join score d on b.id=d.studentid
group by a.id,a.name
order by a.id
/**
id          name                                               student     teacher     totalScore
----------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------- ----------- -----------
1           北京                                                 2           1           130
2           上海                                                 3           1           200
3           广东                                                 0           2           0

(3 行受影响)
**/

------解决方案--------------------
SQL code
---测试数据 创建表province
create table province
(
    id int,
    name nvarchar(50)
)
---向province插入记录
insert into province
select 1, '北京'
union