获取表信息
1.获取表结构信息 
 列名,列类型,最大值,是否主键,是否自增,是否允许为空,说明 
 2.指定表获取此表的所有外键 
 列名,外键列表,外键表名   
 希望效率高些的Sql
------解决方案--------------------SELECT  
     表名       = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else  ' ' end, 
     表说明     = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value, ' ') else  ' ' end, 
     字段序号   = a.colorder, 
     字段名     = a.name, 
     标识       = case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name, 'IsIdentity ')=1 then  '√ 'else  ' ' end, 
     主键       = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype= 'PK ' and parent_obj=a.id and name in ( 
                      SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( 
                         SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid))) then  '√ ' else  ' ' end, 
     类型       = b.name, 
     占用字节数 = a.length, 
     长度       = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name, 'PRECISION '), 
     小数位数   = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name, 'Scale '),0), 
     允许空     = case when a.isnullable=1 then  '√ 'else  ' ' end, 
     默认值     = isnull(e.text, ' '), 
     字段说明   = isnull(g.[value], ' ') 
 FROM  
     syscolumns a 
 left join  
     systypes b  
 on  
     a.xusertype=b.xusertype 
 inner join  
     sysobjects d  
 on  
     a.id=d.id  and d.xtype= 'U ' and  d.name <>  'dtproperties ' 
 left join  
     syscomments e  
 on  
     a.cdefault=e.id 
 left join  
     sysproperties g  
 on  
     a.id=g.id and a.colid=g.smallid   
 left join  
     sysproperties f  
 on  
     d.id=f.id and f.smallid=0 
 where  
     d.name= '要查询的表 '    --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件 
 order by  
     a.id,a.colorder
------解决方案--------------------学习
------解决方案--------------------楼上的子陌出手就不是一样.特大手笔.
------解决方案--------------------有些地方还不是很懂.
------解决方案--------------------收藏,慢慢看,学习,谢谢~~~~~~
------解决方案--------------------就是把每个系统表得数据提出来变成汉字 ,真到位  ^_^
------解决方案--------------------真的学习了!
------解决方案--------------------1.加上公式内容   
 SELECT  
     表名       = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else  ' ' end, 
     表说明     = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value, ' ') else  ' ' end, 
     字段序号   = a.colorder, 
     字段名     = a.name, 
     标识       = case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name, 'IsIdentity ')=1 then  '√ 'else  ' ' end, 
     主键       = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype= 'PK ' and parent_obj=a.id and name in ( 
                      SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( 
                         SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid))) then  '√ ' else  ' ' end, 
     类型       = b.name, 
     占用字节数 = a.length, 
     长度       = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name, 'PRECISION '), 
     小数位数   = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name, 'Scale '),0), 
     允许空     = case when a.isnullable=1 then  '√ 'else  ' ' end, 
     默认值     = isnull(e.text, ' '), 
     字段说明   = isnull(g.[value], ' '), 
     公式内容   = isnull(h.text, ' ') 
 FROM  
     syscolumns a 
 left join  
     systypes b