Mysql中判断一个点是否落在多边形内。

        关于地理空间数据，经常需要处理两个空间数据的关联关系。有很多种方法可以处理，通过编写程序算法，或者是调用数据库中对应的function。在mysql数据库中，http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/functions-for-testing-spatial-relations-between-geometric-objects.html做了详细的介绍，但是它并没有真正的实现多边形(5.6版本之前)，本文以判断一个点是否落在多边形内的主题，加以简单的扩展。

      首先，建立一张简单的地理数据表，

CREATE TABLE `ci_special_zone` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `ploygongeo` text NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

并插入几条数据

INSERT INTO ci_special_zone (ploygongeo) VALUES('POLYGON((113.547 22.186,113.549 22.186,113.549 22.188, 113.547 22.188,113.547 22.186))');
INSERT INTO ci_special_zone (ploygongeo) VALUES('POLYGON((112.547 21.186,112.549 212.186,112.549 21.188, 112.547 212.188,112.547 21.186))');

创建function,

DELIMITER // 

CREATE FUNCTION myWithin(p POINT, poly POLYGON) RETURNS INT(1) DETERMINISTIC 
BEGIN 
DECLARE n INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE pX DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE pY DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE ls LINESTRING; 
DECLARE poly1 POINT; 
DECLARE poly1X DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE poly1Y DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE poly2 POINT; 
DECLARE poly2X DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE poly2Y DECIMAL(9,6); 
DECLARE i INT DEFAULT 0; 
DECLARE result INT(1) DEFAULT 0; 
SET pX = X(p); 
SET pY = Y(p); 
SET ls = ExteriorRing(poly); 
SET poly2 = EndPoint(ls); 
SET poly2X = X(poly2); 
SET poly2Y = Y(poly2); 
SET n = NumPoints(ls); 
WHILE i<n DO 
SET poly1 = PointN(ls, (i+1)); 
SET poly1X = X(poly1); 
SET poly1Y = Y(poly1); 
IF ( ( ( ( poly1X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly2X ) ) || ( ( poly2X <= pX ) && ( pX < poly1X ) ) ) && ( pY > ( poly2Y - poly1Y ) * ( pX - poly1X ) / ( poly2X - poly1X ) + poly1Y ) ) THEN 
SET result = !result; 
END IF; 
SET poly2X = poly1X; 
SET poly2Y = poly1Y; 
SET i = i + 1; 
END WHILE; 
RETURN result; 
End; 
//
DELIMITER ;

最后，执行如下的sql语句

SELECT substring(ploygongeo,10,length(ploygongeo)-11) from ci_special_zone 
where myWithin(PolygonFromText('Point(113.547 22.186)'),PolygonFromText(ploygongeo))>0 limit 0,1

坐标点113.547 22.186是经纬度，若有返回值，则表示坐标点落在所在的区间。