日期:2014-05-17  浏览次数:20642 次

PHPExcel解决内存占用过大问题-设置单元格对象缓存

PHPExcel是一个很强大的处理Excel的PHP开源类,但是很大的一个问题就是它占用内存太大,从1.7.3开始,它支持设置cell的缓存方式,但是推荐使用目前稳定的版本1.7.6,因为之前的版本都会不同程度的存在bug,以下是其官方文档:

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PHPExcel1.7.6官方文档 写道

PHPExcel uses an average of about 1k/cell in your worksheets, so large workbooks can quickly use up available memory. Cell caching provides a mechanism that allows PHPExcel to maintain the cell objects in a smaller size of memory, on disk, or in APC, memcache or Wincache, rather than in PHP memory. This allows you to reduce the memory usage for large workbooks, although at a cost of speed to access cell data.
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PHPExcel平均下来使用1k/单元格的内存,因此大的文档会导致内存消耗的也很快。单元格缓存机制能够允许PHPExcel将内存中的小的单元格对象缓存在磁盘或者APC,memcache或者Wincache中,尽管会在读取数据上消耗一些时间,但是能够帮助你降低内存的消耗。

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PHPExcel1.76.官方文档 写道
By default, PHPExcel still holds all cell objects in memory, but you can specify alternatives. To enable cell caching, you must call the PHPExcel_Settings::setCacheStorageMethod() method, passing in the caching method that you wish to use.
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默认情况下,PHPExcel依然将单元格对象保存在内存中,但是你可以自定义。你可以使用PHPExcel_Settings::setCacheStorageMethod()方法,将缓存方式作为参数传递给这个方法来设置缓存的方式。

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$cacheMethod = PHPExcel_CachedObjectStorageFactory::cache_in_memory;
PHPExcel_Settings::setCacheStorageMethod($cacheMethod);
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PHPExcel1.7.6官方文档 写道
setCacheStorageMethod() will return a boolean true on success, false on failure (for example if trying to cache to APC when APC is not enabled).

?setCacheStorageMethod()方法会返回一个BOOL型变量用于表示是否成功设置(比如,如果APC不能使用的时候,你设置使用APC缓存,将会返回false)

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PHPExcel1.7.6官方文档 写道
A separate cache is maintained for each individual worksheet, and is automatically created when the worksheet is instantiated based on the caching method and settings that you have configured. You cannot change the configuration settings once you have started to read a workbook, or have created your first worksheet.

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每一个worksheet都会有一个独立的缓存,当一个worksheet实例化时,就会根据设置或配置的缓存方式来自动创建。一旦你开始读取一个文件或者你已经创建了第一个worksheet,就不能在改变缓存的方式了。

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PHPExcel1.7.6官方文档 写道
Currently, the following caching methods are available.

?目前,有以下几种缓存方式可以使用:

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PHPExcel_CachedObjectStorageFactory::cache_in_memory;
PHPExcel1.7.6官方文档 写道
The default. If you don’t initialise any caching method, then this is the method that PHPExcel will use. Cell objects are maintained in PHP memory as at present.

?默认情况下,如果你不初始化任何缓存方式,PHPExcel将使用内存缓存的方式。

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PHPExcel_CachedObjectStorageFactory::cache_in_memory_serialized;
PHPExcle1.7.6官方文档 写道
Using this caching method, cells are held in PHP memory as an array of serialized objects, which reduces the memory footprint with minimal performance overhead.

?使用这种缓存方式,单元格会以序列化的方式保存在内存中,这是降低内存使用率性能比较高的一种方案。

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PHPExcel_CachedObjectStorageFactory::cache_in_memory_gzip;
PHPExcel1.7.6官方文档 写道
Like cache_in_memory_serialized, this method holds cells in PHP memory as an array of serialized objects, but gzipped to reduce the memory usage still further, although access to read or write a cell is slightly slower.

?与序列化的方式类似,这种方法在序列化之后,又进行gzip压缩之后再放入内存中,这回跟进一步降低内存的使用,但是读取和写入时会有一些慢。

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