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文章出自: http://blog.csdn.net/wh62592855/article/details/4712555/
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Union和Union All的区别
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假设我们有一个表Student,包括以下字段与数据:
drop table student; create table student ( id int primary key, name nvarchar2(50) not null, score number not null ); insert into student values(1,'Aaron',78); insert into student values(2,'Bill',76); insert into student values(3,'Cindy',89); insert into student values(4,'Damon',90); insert into student values(5,'Ella',73); insert into student values(6,'Frado',61); insert into student values(7,'Gill',99); insert into student values(8,'Hellen',56); insert into student values(9,'Ivan',93); insert into student values(10,'Jay',90); commit;
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首先,我们来看一下UNION的例子:
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select * from student where id < 4 union select * from student where id > 2 and id < 6;
?结果:
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        ID NAME                                SCORE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
         1 Aaron                                  78
         2 Bill                                   76
         3 Cindy                                  89
         4 Damon                                  90
         5 Ella                                   73
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如果换成Union All连接两个结果集,则结果如下:
select * from student where id < 4 union all select * from student where id > 2 and id < 6;
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结果:
        ID NAME                                SCORE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
         1 Aaron                                  78
         2 Bill                                   76
         3 Cindy                                  89
         3 Cindy                                  89
         4 Damon                                  90
         5 Ella                                   73
6 rows selected.
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可以看到,Union和Union All的区别之一在于对重复结果的处理。
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接下来,我们交换一个两个SELECT语句的顺序,看看结果是怎样的。
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SQL> select *
  2  from student
  3  where id>2 and id<6
  4  union
  5  select *
  6  from student
  7  where id<4
  8  ;
        ID NAME                                SCORE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
         1 Aaron                                  78
         2 Bill                                   76
         3 Cindy                                  89
         4 Damon                                  90
         5 Ella                                   73
SQL> select *
  2  from student
  3  where id>2 and id<6
  4  union all
  5  select *
  6  from student
  7  where id<4
  8  ;
        ID NAME                                SCORE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------
         3 Cindy                                  89
         4 Damon                                  90
         5 Ella                                   73
         1 Aaron                                  78
         2 Bill                                   76
         3 Cindy                                  89
6 rows selected.
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可以看到,对于UNION来说,交换两个SELECT语句的顺序后结果仍然是一样的,这是因为UNION会自动排序。而UNION ALL在交换了SELECT语句的顺序后结果则不相同,因为UNION ALL不会对结果自动进行排序。
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那么这个自动排序的规则是什么呢?我们交换一下SELECT后面选择字段的顺序(前面使用SELECT *相当于SELECT
