spring在org.springframework.jdbc.support这个包的sql-error-codes.xml里面定义了常用数据库的错误代码，我们可以根据这些错误代码定位sql的基本问题。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN 2.0//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans-2.0.dtd">

<!--
	- Default SQL error codes for well-known databases.
	- Can be overridden by definitions in a "sql-error-codes.xml" file
	- in the root of the class path.
	-
	- If the Database Product Name contains characters that are invalid
	- to use in the id attribute (like a space) then we need to add a property
	- named "databaseProductName"/"databaseProductNames" that holds this value.
	- If this property is present, then it will be used instead of the id for
	- looking up the error codes based on the current database.
	-->
<beans>

	<bean id="DB2" class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLErrorCodes">
		<property name="databaseProductName">
			<value>DB2*</value>
		</property>
		<property name="badSqlGrammarCodes">
			<value>-007,-029,-097,-104,-109,-115,-128,-199,-204,-206,-301,-408,-441,-491</value>
		</property>
		<property name="dataIntegrityViolationCodes">
			<value>-407,-530,-531,-532,-543,-544,-545,-603,-667,-803</value>
		</property>
		<property name="dataAccessResourceFailureCodes">
			<value>-904,-971</value>
		</property>
		<property name="transientDataAccessResourceCodes">
			<value>-1035,-30080,-30081</value>
		</property>
		<property name="deadlockLoserCodes">
			<value>-911,-913</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="Derby" class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLErrorCodes">
		<property name="databaseProductName">
			<value>Apache Derby</value>
		</property>
		<property name="useSqlStateForTranslation">
			<value>true</value>
		</property>
		<property name="badSqlGrammarCodes">
			<value>42802,42821,42X01,42X02,42X03,42X04,42X05,42X06,42X07,42X08</value>
		</property>
		<property name="dataIntegrityViolationCodes">
			<value>22001,22005,23502,23503,23505,23513,X0Y32</value>
		</property>
		<property name="dataAccessResourceFailureCodes">
			<value>04501,08004,42Y07</value>
		</property>
		<property name="cannotAcquireLockCodes">
			<value>40XL1</value>
		</property>
		<property name="deadlockLoserCodes">
			<value>40001</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="H2" class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLErrorCodes">
		<property name="badSqlGrammarCodes">
			<value>42000,42001,42101,42102,42111,42112,42121,42122,42132</value>
		</property>
		<property name="dataIntegrityViolationCodes">
			<value>22003,22012,22025,23000,23001</value>
		</property>
		<property name="dataAccessResourceFailureCodes">
			<value>90046,90100,90117,90121,90126</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="HSQL" class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLErrorCodes">
		<property name="databaseProductName">
			<value>HSQL Database Engine</value>
		</property>
		<property name="badSqlGrammarCodes">
			<value>-22,-28</value>
		</property>
		<property name="dataIntegrityViolationCodes">
			<value>-9</value>
		</property>
		<property name="dataAccessResourceFailureCodes">
			<value>-80</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="Informix" class="org.springframework.jdbc.support.SQLErrorCodes">
		<property name="databaseProductName">
			<value>Informix Dynamic Server</value>
		</property>
		<property name="badSqlGrammarCodes">
			<value>-201,-2